Barreras de acceso administrativo a los servicios de salud en población Colombiana, 2013

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Abstract

El artículo tiene como propósito caracterizar las principales barreras que sufre la población colombiana al intentar acceder a los servicios de salud. Es un observacional descriptivo exploratorio que emplea técnicas tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas; se basó en los registros de Peticiones, Quejas, Reclamos y Sugerencias que llegaron a la Superintendencia Nacional de Salud de Colombia entre enero-2102 y Junio-2013; además, empleó entrevistas a profundidad a usuarios de los servicios de salud, a funcionarios de las Empresas Promotoras de Salud de Bogotá y de Puntos por el Derecho a la Salud de la Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá. Los usuarios de este estudio evidenciaron limitaciones desde la entrada y búsqueda de la atención por fallas en la comunicación para acceder a los Servicios de Salud; en la continuidad del servicio, se encuentran con barreras derivadas por las autorizaciones, falta de oportunidad para citas médicas especializadas, procedimientos quirúrgicos y entrega de medicamentos. Con base a los hallazgos se puede concluir que las barreras que perciben los usuarios generan percepciones negativas y efectos perjudiciales tanto para éstos, como para sus familias.

Translated abstract

The scope of this paper is to characterize the main barriers faced by the Colombian population when they attempt to gain access to health services. It is an observational, descriptive and exploratory study using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. It was based on the records of Petitions, Complaints, Claims and Suggestions sent to the National Department of Health of Colombia between January 2102 and June 2013. In-depth interviews were conducted with users of health services, as well as officials of the Health Promoting Companies and Outlets for Right to Health of the Health Department of Bogotá. The study is based on domains proposed by Frenk et al for effective access to health services. Users of this study found limitations starting at admission and search for care due to communication failures in accessing health services. For ongoing care services, they encountered barriers resulting from the need for authorizations, lack of availability of specialist medical appointments, surgical procedures and drug delivery. Based on the findings, the conclusion reached is that the barriers perceived by users generate negative perceptions and harmful consequences both for them and for their families.

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Most cited references 80

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The concepts and principles of equity and health.

M. WHITEHEAD (1992)

In 1984, the 32 member states of the World Health Organization European Region took a remarkable step forward in agreeing unanimously on 38 targets for a common health policy for the Region. Not only was equity the subject of the first of these targets, but it was also seen as a fundamental theme running right through the policy as a whole. However, equity can mean different things to different people. This article looks at the concepts and principles of equity as understood in the context of the World Health Organization's Health for All policy. After considering the possible causes of the differences in health observed in populations--some of them inevitable and some unnecessary and unfair--the author discusses equity in relation to health care, concentrating on issues of access to care, utilization, and quality. Lastly, seven principles for action are outlined, stemming from these concepts, to be borne in mind when designing or implementing policies, so that greater equity in health and health care can be promoted.