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      A rare histologic variant of Kaposi’s sarcoma Translated title: Uma variante histológica rara de sarcoma de Kaposi

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Abstract An 80-year-old male presented with a 3-year history of progressive violaceous and edematous plaques on both hands. The remaining physical examination was unremarkable and systemic symptoms were absent. All complementary investigations were negative, including serology testing for human immunodeficiency virus. Skin biopsy revealed a dermal vascular proliferation, composed of angulated vessels dissecting collagen bundles, lined by flattened endothelial cells without atypia. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for human herpesvirus 8, CD31, and erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene, confirming the diagnosis of lymphangioma-like Kaposi’s sarcoma (LLKS). LLKS represents a rare pathological variant of all Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) subtypes, which is noticeable for the lymphangioma-like spaces that are usually only focally found. We present a case of LLKS as a variant of classic KS to raise awareness among dermatologists for this uncommon morphologic expression of KS and its distinctive histologic pattern.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Um homem de 80 anos apresentou um quadro progressivo com 3 anos de evolução de placas violáceas e edematosas em ambas as mãos. O restante exame físico não revelou alterações e sintomas sistémicos estavam ausentes. Todos os exames complementares foram negativos, incluindo a serologia para VIH. A biopsia cutânea revelou uma proliferação vascular dérmica composta por vasos angulados, revestidos por células endoteliais achatadas sem atipia, que dissecavam os feixes de colagénio. A imunohistoquímica revelou positividade para HHV-8, CD31 e ERG, confirmando o diagnóstico de sarcoma de Kaposi semelhante a linfangioma (SKSL). O SKSL representa uma variante histológica rara de todos os subtipos de sarcoma de Kaposi (SK), que se destaca pelos espaços semelhantes a linfangiomas, normalmente encontrados apenas de forma focal. Apresentamos um caso de SKSL como uma variante do SK clássico para sensibilizar os dermatologistas para esta expressão morfológica incomum de SK e para o seu padrão histológico distinto.

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          Most cited references14

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          Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma

          This review provides a comprehensive overview of the broad clinicopathologic spectrum of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma (KS) lesions. Variants discussed include: usual KS lesions associated with disease progression (i.e. patch, plaque and nodular stage); morphologic subtypes alluded to in the older literature such as anaplastic and telangiectatic KS, as well as several lymphedematous variants; and numerous recently described variants including hyperkeratotic, keloidal, micronodular, pyogenic granuloma-like, ecchymotic, and intravascular KS. Involuting lesions as a result of treatment related regression are also presented.
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            WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours

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              Risk factors for classical Kaposi sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in Sicily.

              Classical Kaposi sarcoma is a rare complication of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infection. We conducted a population-based, frequency-matched case-control study in Sicily to further investigate the reported inverse relationship between smoking and classical Kaposi sarcoma and to identify other factors associated with altered risk. All incident, histologically confirmed classical Kaposi sarcoma cases in Sicily were eligible. A two-stage cluster sample design was applied to select population controls. KSHV seropositivity was determined using four antibody assays (K8.1 and orf73 enzyme immunoassays and two immunofluorenscence assays). Using SAS-callable SUDAAN, we compared the characteristics of classical Kaposi sarcoma cases and KSHV-seropositive controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented. In total, 142 classical Kaposi sarcoma cases and 123 KSHV-seropositive controls were recruited. Current cigarette smoking was associated with reduced risk of classical Kaposi sarcoma amongst males (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06-0.67). Edema was associated with classical Kaposi sarcoma, but only when it presented on the lower extremities (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.62-8.23). Irrespective of presentation site, diabetes and oral corticosteroid medications were associated with increased risk (OR, 4.73; 95% CI, 2.02-11.1 and OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.23-4.45, respectively). Never smoking, diabetes, and oral corticosteroid medication use were all independently associated with classical Kaposi sarcoma risk. We confirmed previous reports that cigarette smoking was associated with a reduced risk of classical Kaposi sarcoma, and we found that risk was lowest among current smokers. We also found that classical Kaposi sarcoma risk was strongly and independently associated with oral corticosteroid use and diabetes. Corroboration of these observations and investigation of possible underlying mechanisms are warranted.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                psdv
                Portuguese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology
                Port J Dermatol Venereol.
                Permanyer Publications (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                2795-501X
                2795-5001
                December 2023
                : 81
                : 4
                : 289-292
                Affiliations
                [1] Coimbra orgnameCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra orgdiv1Department of Dermatology Portugal
                Article
                S2795-50012023000400289 S2795-5001(23)08100400289
                10.24875/pjdv.23000054
                3bde62dd-80a2-44ee-9c05-d5b860be1b17

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 June 2023
                : 26 July 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Categories
                CASE REPORT

                Pathology,Sarcoma de Kaposi,Patologia,Herpesvírus humano 8,Linfangioma,Human herpesvirus-8,Lymphangioma,Kaposi sarcoma

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