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      Effects of different types of meals on postprandial glycaemia in healthy subjects Translated title: Wpływ różnego rodzaju posiłków na glikemię poposiłkową u osób zdrowych

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          Abstract

          Nowadays, continuous glycaemic monitoring systems are used primarily for diabetic patients. The most popular continuous glycaemic monitoring (CGMs) measure the glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid every 1 or 5 minutes, providing the patient with 288 or 1,440 measurements in a day. CGM is also useful for observing sudden changes in glycaemia after the introduction of dietary interventions and those related to physical activity. Peri-prandial glycaemia is defined as the change in blood glucose levels depending on the carbohydrate-containing meal consumed. A state of peri-prandial hyperglycaemia begins when blood glucose levels rise above the level of 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) within 1–2 hours after food intake in healthy people without diabetes. The influence of the peri-prandial glycaemic response is briefly related to the amount and type of food consumed. Optimising the glycaemic profile is important for our health. The purpose of this article is to summarise the current knowledge of the effects of various meals on peri-prandial glycaemia in healthy individuals.

          Translated abstract

          Obecnie systemy ciągłego monitorowania glikemii (CGM)stosowane są przede wszystkim u chorych na cukrzycę. Najpopularniejsze CGM mierzą poziom glukozy w płynie śródmiąższowym co 1 lub 5 minut przez 24 godziny na dobę, dając pacjentowi 288 lub 1440 pomiarów stężenia glukozy we krwi w ciągu jednego dnia. System CGM jest także przydatny do obserwacji nagłych zmian glikemii po wprowadzeniu interwencji dietetycznych oraz związanych z aktywnością fizyczną. Glikemię okołoposiłkową definiuje się jako zmianę stężenia glukozy we krwi w zależności od spożytego posiłku zawierającego węglowodany. Stan hiperglikemii okołoposiłkowej rozpoczyna się, gdy stężenie glukozy we krwi wzrasta powyżej 140 mg/dl (7,8 mmol/l) w ciągu 1–2 godzin po przyjęciu posiłku u zdrowych osób bez cukrzycy. Wpływ okołoposiłkowej odpowiedzi glikemicznej jest krótko związany z ilością i rodzajem spożywanego pokarmu. Optymalizacja profilu glikemicznego jest ważna dla naszego zdrowia. Celem artykułu jest podsumowanie aktualnej wiedzy na temat wpływu różnych posiłków na glikemię okołoposiłkową u osób zdrowych.

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          Most cited references27

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          Impact of Dietary Fiber Consumption on Insulin Resistance and the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.

          Large prospective cohort studies consistently show associations of a high dietary fiber intake (>25 g/d in women and >38 g/d in men) with a 20-30% reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), after correction for confounders. It is less well recognized that these effects appear to be mainly driven by high intakes of whole grains and insoluble cereal fibers, which typically are nonviscous and do not relevantly influence postprandial glucose responses [i.e., glycemic index (GI)] or are strongly fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon. In contrast, a dietary focus on soluble, viscous, gel-forming, more readily fermentable fiber intakes derived from fruit and certain vegetables yields mixed results and generally does not appear to reduce T2D risk. Although disentangling types of fiber-rich foods and separating these from possible effects related to the GI is an obvious challenge, the common conclusion that key metabolic effects of high-fiber intake are explained by mechanisms that should mainly apply to the soluble, viscous type can be challenged. More recently, studies in humans and animal models focused on gaining mechanistic insights into why especially high-cereal-fiber (HCF) diets appear to improve insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes risk. Although effects of HCF diets on weight loss are only moderate and comparable to other types of dietary fibers, possible novel mechanisms have emerged, which include the prevention of the absorption of dietary protein and modulation of the amino acid metabolic signature. Here we provide an update of our previous review from 2008, with a focus on mechanistic insights of how HCF diets may improve IR and the risk of developing T2D.
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            Benefits for Type 2 Diabetes of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Brief Bouts of Light Walking or Simple Resistance Activities.

            To determine whether interrupting prolonged sitting with brief bouts of light-intensity walking (LW) or simple resistance activities (SRA) improves postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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              Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin : A Randomized Clinical Trial

              Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to be beneficial for adults with type 2 diabetes using intensive insulin therapy, but its use in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin has not been well studied.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab
                Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab
                PEDM
                Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
                Termedia Publishing House
                2081-237X
                2083-8441
                02 September 2024
                September 2024
                : 30
                : 3
                : 159-162
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
                [2 ]Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
                [3 ]Clinic of Paediatric Diabetology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
                Author notes
                [* ]Department of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland Dębinki 7 80-952 Gdansk, Poland e-mail: agnieszka.lejk@ 123456op.pl
                Article
                54680
                10.5114/pedm.2024.142587
                11538917
                39451188
                3b7a6230-aedb-41cb-a749-2ba239777d25
                Copyright © Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0), allowing third parties to download and share its works but not commercially purposes or to create derivative works.

                History
                : 12 March 2024
                : 18 April 2024
                Categories
                Review paper | Praca poglądowa

                peri-prandial glycaemia,low glycaemic diet,physical activity,glikemia okołoposiłkowa,dieta z niskim indeksem glikemicznym,aktywność fizyczna

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