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      Wearable Technology and How This Can Be Implemented into Clinical Practice

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          Abstract

          Purpose of Review

          Our day-to-day life is saturated with health data that was previously out of reach. Over the last decade, new devices and fitness technology companies are attempting to tap into this data, uncovering a treasure trove of useful information that, when applied correctly, has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach healthcare and chronic conditions like asthma, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

          Recent Findings

          By harnessing exciting developments in personalization, digitization, wellness, and patient engagement, care providers can improve health outcomes for our patients in a way we have never been able to do in the past. While new technologies to capture individual health metrics are everywhere, how can we use this information to make a real difference in our patients’ lives? Navigating the complicated landscape of personal wearable devices, asthma inhaler sensors, and exercise apps can be daunting to even the most tech savvy physician.

          Summary

          This manuscript will give you the tools necessary to make lasting changes in your patients’ lives by exposing them to a world of usable, affordable, and relatable health technology that resonates with their personal fitness and wellness goals. These tools will be even more important post-COVID-19, as the landscape of clinical outpatient care changes from mainly in-person visits to a greater reliance on telemedicine and remote monitoring.

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          Most cited references30

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          Patient-centered care is associated with decreased health care utilization.

          This article uses an interactional analysis instrument to characterize patient-centered care in the primary care setting and to examine its relationship with health care utilization. Five hundred nine new adult patients were randomized to care by family physicians and general internists. An adaption of the Davis Observation Code was used to measure a patient-centered practice style. The main outcome measures were their use of medical services and related charges monitored over 1 year. Controlling for patient sex, age, education, income, self-reported health status, and health risk behaviors (obesity, alcohol abuse, and smoking), a higher average amount of patient-centered care recorded in visits throughout the 1-year study period was related to a significantly decreased annual number of visits for specialty care (P = .0209), less frequent hospitalizations (P = .0033), and fewer laboratory and diagnostic tests (P = .0027). Total medical charges for the 1-year study were also significantly reduced (P = .0002), as were charges for specialty care clinic visits (P = .0005), for all patients who had a greater average amount of patient-centered visits during that same time period. For female patients, the regression equation predicted 15.47% of the variation in total annual medical charges compared with male patients, for whom 31.18% of the variation was explained by the average percent of patient-centered care, controlling for sociodemographic variables, health status, and health risk behaviors. Patient-centered care was associated with decreased utilization of health care services and lower total annual charges. Reduced annual medical care charges may be an important outcome of medical visits that are patient-centered.
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            Systematic review: an evaluation of major commercial weight loss programs in the United States.

            Each year millions of Americans enroll in commercial and self-help weight loss programs. Health care providers and their obese patients know little about these programs because of the absence of systematic reviews. To describe the components, costs, and efficacy of the major commercial and organized self-help weight loss programs in the United States that provide structured in-person or online counseling. Review of company Web sites, telephone discussion with company representatives, and search of the MEDLINE database. Randomized trials at least 12 weeks in duration that enrolled only adults and assessed interventions as they are usually provided to the public, or case series that met these criteria, stated the number of enrollees, and included a follow-up evaluation that lasted 1 year or longer. Data were extracted on study design, attrition, weight loss, duration of follow-up, and maintenance of weight loss. We found studies of eDiets.com, Health Management Resources, Take Off Pounds Sensibly, OPTIFAST, and Weight Watchers. Of 3 randomized, controlled trials of Weight Watchers, the largest reported a loss of 3.2% of initial weight at 2 years. One randomized trial and several case series of medically supervised very-low-calorie diet programs found that patients who completed treatment lost approximately 15% to 25% of initial weight. These programs were associated with high costs, high attrition rates, and a high probability of regaining 50% or more of lost weight in 1 to 2 years. Commercial interventions available over the Internet and organized self-help programs produced minimal weight loss. Because many studies did not control for high attrition rates, the reported results are probably a best-case scenario. With the exception of 1 trial of Weight Watchers, the evidence to support the use of the major commercial and self-help weight loss programs is suboptimal. Controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
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              Digital Health: Tracking Physiomes and Activity Using Wearable Biosensors Reveals Useful Health-Related Information

              A new wave of portable biosensors allows frequent measurement of health-related physiology. We investigated the use of these devices to monitor human physiological changes during various activities and their role in managing health and diagnosing and analyzing disease. By recording over 250,000 daily measurements for up to 43 individuals, we found personalized circadian differences in physiological parameters, replicating previous physiological findings. Interestingly, we found striking changes in particular environments, such as airline flights (decreased peripheral capillary oxygen saturation [SpO2] and increased radiation exposure). These events are associated with physiological macro-phenotypes such as fatigue, providing a strong association between reduced pressure/oxygen and fatigue on high-altitude flights. Importantly, we combined biosensor information with frequent medical measurements and made two important observations: First, wearable devices were useful in identification of early signs of Lyme disease and inflammatory responses; we used this information to develop a personalized, activity-based normalization framework to identify abnormal physiological signals from longitudinal data for facile disease detection. Second, wearables distinguish physiological differences between insulin-sensitive and -resistant individuals. Overall, these results indicate that portable biosensors provide useful information for monitoring personal activities and physiology and are likely to play an important role in managing health and enabling affordable health care access to groups traditionally limited by socioeconomic class or remote geography.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jcgreiwe@gmail.com
                Journal
                Curr Allergy Asthma Rep
                Curr Allergy Asthma Rep
                Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
                Springer US (New York )
                1529-7322
                1534-6315
                6 June 2020
                2020
                : 20
                : 8
                : 36
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Bernstein Allergy Group, Inc, 8444 Winton Road, Cincinnati, OH 45231 USA
                [2 ]GRID grid.24827.3b, ISNI 0000 0001 2179 9593, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, , The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ; Cincinnati, OH USA
                [3 ]GRID grid.185648.6, ISNI 0000 0001 2175 0319, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, , University of Illinois at Chicago, ; Chicago, IL USA
                [4 ]GRID grid.185648.6, ISNI 0000 0001 2175 0319, Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, , University of Illinois at Chicago, ; Chicago, IL USA
                Article
                927
                10.1007/s11882-020-00927-3
                7275133
                32506184
                3b5faea2-81d3-4565-86a7-545eed049b88
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Categories
                Telemedicine and Technology (J Portnoy, Section Editor)
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

                Immunology
                telemedicine,wearable devices,personalized healthcare devices,remote monitoring,covid-19,connected health

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