Spatial helicity response metric to quantify particle size and turbidity of heterogeneous media through circular polarization imaging

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Abstract

Backscattered circularly polarized light from turbid media consists of helicity-flipped and helicity-preserved photon sub-populations (i.e., photons of perpendicular and parallel circular handedness). Their intensities and spatial distributions are found to be acutely sensitive to average scatterer size and modestly sensitive to the scattering coefficient (medium turbidity) through an interplay of single and multiple scattering effects. Using a highly sensitive intensified-CCD camera, helicity-based images of backscattered light are captured, which, with the aid of corroborating Monte Carlo simulation images and statistics, enable (1) investigation of subsurface photonic pathways and (2) development of the novel ‘spatial helicity response’ metric to quantify average scatterer size and turbidity of tissue-like samples. An exciting potential application of this work is noninvasive early cancer detection since malignant tissues exhibit alterations in scatterer size (larger nuclei) and turbidity (increased cell density).

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Cell refractive index for cell biology and disease diagnosis: past, present and future.

P. Liu, L Chin, W Ser … (2016)

Cell refractive index is a key biophysical parameter, which has been extensively studied. It is correlated with other cell biophysical properties including mechanical, electrical and optical properties, and not only represents the intracellular mass and concentration of a cell, but also provides important insight for various biological models. Measurement techniques developed earlier only measure the effective refractive index of a cell or a cell suspension, providing only limited information on cell refractive index and hence hindering its in-depth analysis and correlation. Recently, the emergence of microfluidic, photonic and imaging technologies has enabled the manipulation of a single cell and the 3D refractive index of a single cell down to sub-micron resolution, providing powerful tools to study cells based on refractive index. In this review, we provide an overview of cell refractive index models and measurement techniques including microfluidic chip-based techniques for the last 50 years, present the applications and significance of cell refractive index in cell biology, hematology, and pathology, and discuss future research trends in the field, including 3D imaging methods, integration with microfluidics and potential applications in new and breakthrough research areas.

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Tissue polarimetry: concepts, challenges, applications, and outlook.

Nirmalya Ghosh, I. Alex Vitkin (2011)

Polarimetry has a long and successful history in various forms of clear media. Driven by their biomedical potential, the use of the polarimetric approaches for biological tissue assessment has also recently received considerable attention. Specifically, polarization can be used as an effective tool to discriminate against multiply scattered light (acting as a gating mechanism) in order to enhance contrast and to improve tissue imaging resolution. Moreover, the intrinsic tissue polarimetry characteristics contain a wealth of morphological and functional information of potential biomedical importance. However, in a complex random medium-like tissue, numerous complexities due to multiple scattering and simultaneous occurrences of many scattering and polarization events present formidable challenges both in terms of accurate measurements and in terms of analysis of the tissue polarimetry signal. In order to realize the potential of the polarimetric approaches for tissue imaging and characterization/diagnosis, a number of researchers are thus pursuing innovative solutions to these challenges. In this review paper, we summarize these and other issues pertinent to the polarized light methodologies in tissues. Specifically, we discuss polarized light basics, Stokes-Muller formalism, methods of polarization measurements, polarized light modeling in turbid media, applications to tissue imaging, inverse analysis for polarimetric results quantification, applications to quantitative tissue assessment, etc.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Michael D. Singh: michaeldhillon.singh@mail.utoronto.ca

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 8 February 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 8 February 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 2231

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.17063.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2157 2938, Department of Medical Biophysics, , University of Toronto, ; Toronto, ON Canada

[2 ]GRID grid.17063.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2157 2938, Department of Radiation Oncology, , University of Toronto, ; Toronto, ON Canada

[3 ]GRID grid.415224.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2150 066X, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, , Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, ; Toronto, ON Canada

Article

Publisher ID: 29444

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29444-9

PMC ID: 9908950

PubMed ID: 36755076

SO-VID: 3b478ed7-45bb-48a8-8d71-805f54d1d06b

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 10 December 2022

Date accepted : 6 February 2023

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024, Canadian Institutes of Health Research;

Award ID: CIHR, PJT-156110

Award Recipient : Michael D. Singh I. Alex Vitkin

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada;

Award ID: RGPIN-2018-04930

Award Recipient : Michael D. Singh I. Alex Vitkin

Funded by: New Frontiers in Research Fund

Award ID: NFRFE-2019-01049

Award Recipient : Michael D. Singh I. Alex Vitkin

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: applied optics,imaging

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: applied optics, imaging

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Spatial helicity response metric to quantify particle size and turbidity of heterogeneous media through circular polarization imaging

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Electron Channelling Contrast Imaging (ECCI)

Most cited references 54

Cell refractive index for cell biology and disease diagnosis: past, present and future.

Mechanisms of light scattering from biological cells relevant to noninvasive optical-tissue diagnostics.

Tissue polarimetry: concepts, challenges, applications, and outlook.

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