Inflammation-Induced Tumorigenesis and Metastasis

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Abstract

Inflammation, especially chronic inflammation, plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and metastasis through various mechanisms and is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer and an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular mechanisms of how inflammation promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis and suppresses anti-tumor immunity in various types of solid tumors, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancer as well as hematopoietic malignancies.

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Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

Douglas Hanahan, Robert A. Weinberg (2011)

The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. Underlying these hallmarks are genome instability, which generates the genetic diversity that expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters multiple hallmark functions. Conceptual progress in the last decade has added two emerging hallmarks of potential generality to this list-reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. In addition to cancer cells, tumors exhibit another dimension of complexity: they contain a repertoire of recruited, ostensibly normal cells that contribute to the acquisition of hallmark traits by creating the "tumor microenvironment." Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new cancer cases and 606,880 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2006-2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the cancer death rate (2007-2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2-fold higher for cervical cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver cancers during 2012-2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against cancer.

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Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease.

Paul M Ridker, Brendan M. Everett, Tom Thuren … (2017)

Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Mauro Coluccia: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 21 May 2021

Publication date Collection: June 2021

Volume: 22

Issue: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 5421

Affiliations

[1 ]Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan; sana.hibino@ 123456inflammology.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp

[2 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; kzoe922@ 123456gmail.com

[3 ]Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; itoh.shinji.453@ 123456m.kyushu-u.ac.jp

[4 ]National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; kasahara.hideno@ 123456gmail.com

[5 ]Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan

[6 ]Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA

[7 ]Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; taka1516@ 123456kumamoto-u.ac.jp

[8 ]Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; sakatama@ 123456md.tsukuba.ac.jp

[9 ]Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: kotaniguchi@ 123456med.hokudai.ac.jp ; Tel.: +81-11-706-5050

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Takatsugu Ishimoto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-1835

Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-8045

Article

Publisher ID: ijms-22-05421

DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115421

PMC ID: 8196678

PubMed ID: 34063828

SO-VID: 3afc5e2d-5839-480b-9f9b-ab49fcaa054d

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Inflammation-Induced Tumorigenesis and Metastasis

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Abstract

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Most cited references 344

Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

Cancer statistics, 2019

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease.

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