Una nueva especie de rana terrestre del género Pristimantis (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), de la Cordillera de Kutukú, Ecuador

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Abstract

Describimos una especie nueva de mediano tamaño (LRC en la hembra 38.7 mm; en machos de 23.8 a 26.4 mm) de rana terrestre del género Pristimantis de los bosques sub-tropicales de la Cordillera de Kutukú, del sureste de Ecuador, a elevaciones de 1581-1820 m. Asignamos a Pristimantis almendariz sp. nov., al subgénero Hypodictyon, serie de especies ridens. La nueva especie difiere de otros miembros de la serie ridens por su patrón distintivo con manchas dorsales, membrana timpánica ausente, presencia de tubérculos cónicos agrandados en el párpado, tubérculo inter-orbital prominente, e iris plateado con reticulaciones negras.

Translated abstract

We describe a new species of medium-sized (SVL in female = 38.7 mm; in males from 23.8 to 26.4 mm) terrestrial frog of the genus Pristimantis from subtropical forests of the Cordillera of Kutukú, southeastern Ecuador, at elevations of 1581-1820 m. This species, Pristimantis almendariz sp. nov. is assigned to the subgenus Hypodictyon, ridens species series. The new species differs from other species of the ridens series by its distinctive dorsal spots, absence of tympanic membrane, presence of enlarged conical tubercles on the eyelid, prominent inter-orbital tubercle, and silver iris with black reticulations.

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Major Caribbean and Central American frog faunas originated by ancient oceanic dispersal.

S Blair Hedges, William E Duellman, J M Heinicke (2007)

Approximately one-half of all species of amphibians occur in the New World tropics, which includes South America, Middle America, and the West Indies. Of those, 27% (801 species) belong to a large assemblage, the eleutherodactyline frogs, which breed out of water and lay eggs that undergo direct development on land. Their wide distribution and mode of reproduction offer potential for resolving questions in evolution, ecology, and conservation. However, progress in all of these fields has been hindered by a poor understanding of their evolutionary relationships. As a result, most of the species have been placed in a single genus, Eleutherodactylus, which is the largest among vertebrates. Our DNA sequence analysis of a major fraction of eleutherodactyline diversity revealed three large radiations of species with unexpected geographic isolation: a South American Clade (393 sp.), a Caribbean Clade (171 sp.), and a Middle American Clade (111 sp.). Molecular clock analyses reject the prevailing hypothesis that these frogs arose from land connections with North and South America and their subsequent fragmentation in the Late Cretaceous (80-70 Mya). Origin by dispersal, probably over water from South America in the early Cenozoic (47-29 million years ago, Mya), is more likely.

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New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

S Blair Hedges, WILLIAM DUELLMAN, MATTHEW P. HEINICKE (2008)

New World frogs recently placed in a single, enormous family (Brachycephalidae) have direct development and reproduce on land, often far away from water. DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes of 344 species were analyzed to estimate their relationships. The molecular phylogeny in turn was used as the basis for a revised classification of the group. The 882 described species are placed in a new taxon, Terrarana, and allocated to four families, four subfamilies, 24 genera, 11 subgenera, 33 species series, 56 species groups, and 11 species subgroups. Systematic accounts are provided for all taxa above the species level. Two families (Craugastoridae and Strabomantidae), three subfamilies (Holoadeninae, Phyzelaphryninae, and Strabomantinae), six genera (Bryophryne, Diasporus, Haddadus, Isodactylus, Lynchius, and Psychrophrynella), and two subgenera (Campbellius and Schwartzius) are proposed and named as new taxa, 13 subspecies are considered to be distinct species, and 613 new combinations are formed. Most of the 100 informal groups (species series, species groups, and species subgroups) are new or newly defined. Brachycephalus and Ischnocnema are placed in Brachycephalidae, a relatively small clade restricted primarily to southeastern Brazil. Eleutherodactylidae includes two subfamilies, four genera, and five subgenera and is centered in the Caribbean region. Craugastoridae contains two genera and three subgenera and is distributed mainly in Middle America. Strabomantidae is distributed primarily in the Andes of northwestern South America and includes two subfamilies, 16 genera, and three subgenera. Images and distribution maps are presented for taxa above the species level and a complete list of species is provided. Aspects of the evolution, biogeography, and conservation of Terrarana are discussed.

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The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: A herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas

M. Savage J., J. SAVAGE, JM Savage … (2002)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): paz

Title: Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia

Abbreviated Title: Pap. Avulsos Zool.

Publisher: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 0031-1049

ISSN (Electronic): 1807-0205

Publication date (Print and electronic): 2013

Volume: 53

Issue: 24

Pages: 315-325

Affiliations

[01] Quito orgnameEscuela Politécnica Nacional orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Ecuador jorgeyakuma@ 123456yahoo.es

[02] Quito orgnameFundación Naturaleza Kakaram Ecuador

Article

Publisher ID: S0031-10492013002400001 Publisher ID: S0031-1049(13)05302400001

DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492013002400001

SO-VID: 3af70b4c-6075-42e2-93c6-3b3fb98d58e6

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

History

Date accepted : 30 June 2013

Date received : 16 May 2013

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 11

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SciELO Brazil

Keywords: Morona Santiago,Pristimantis (Hypodictyon),serie de especies ridens,Pristimantis almendariz sp. nov.,Cordillera de Kutukú,Ecuador,Pristimantis (Hypodictyon) ridens species series,Cordillera of Kutukú

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Keywords: Morona Santiago, Pristimantis (Hypodictyon), serie de especies ridens, Pristimantis almendariz sp. nov., Cordillera de Kutukú, Ecuador, Pristimantis (Hypodictyon) ridens species series, Cordillera of Kutukú

Una nueva especie de rana terrestre del género Pristimantis (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), de la Cordillera de Kutukú, Ecuador

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Abstract

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SciELO Brazil

Most cited references 28

Major Caribbean and Central American frog faunas originated by ancient oceanic dispersal.

New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: A herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas

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