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      Percepção de estigma na epilepsia Translated title: Perception epilepsy' stigma

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: Pessoas com epilepsia frequentemente vivenciam o estigma, muitas vezes mais prejudicial que a própria condição em si. De maneira geral, pode-se dizer que a epilepsia é uma das condições que mais afeta o comportamento e a qualidade de vida, não só da pessoa que tem epilepsia, mas também da família toda, especialmente devido ao estigma existente. Por isso, dizemos que a epilepsia causa um impacto bio-psicosocial na vida das pessoas. Porém, este aspecto do estigma na epilepsia é pouco abordado, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, onde superstições, atitudes negativas e falta de informação dificultam a relação da comunidade com a epilepsia. OBJETIVO: Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir aspectos relevantes do estigma na epilepsia: conceituação e modelos de estigma na área médica e social; estigma e qualidade de vida; fatores operantes; aspectos neurobiológicos e estratégias para se lidar com o estigma na epilepsia. CONCLUSÕES: Este artigo mostrou uma visão geral do estigma englobando seus diferentes aspectos. Pelo fato de ser um conceito multifatorial, o combate ao estigma requer também uma intervenção ampla, envolvendo as áreas médica, psicológica e social. O entendimento do processo do estigma contribui para uma mudança da interpretação social da epilepsia, rumo a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e tolerante, na qual as diferenças sejam respeitadas.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: People with epilepsy often need to deal with the stigma, usually worse than the epilepsy itself. In general, epilepsy is a condition that affects the behavior and the quality of life, not only for the person with epilepsy, but also for the entire family, especially because of stigma. For this reason, we can say that epilepsy has an bio-psycho-social impact on the people's life. Paradoxically, this facet of epilepsy is not often studied, especially in resource-poor countries, as Brazil, where superstitions, negative attitudes and lack of knowledge impair the relation between the community and people with epilepsy. PURPOSE: This article has the objective to introduce important aspects of stigma in epilepsy: conceptualization and models of stigma in the medical and social area; stigma and quality of life; neurobiological aspects and strategies to deal with it. CONCLUSIONS: This paper provides an overview of the stigma, including its different aspects. Stigma is a multifactorial concept and for this reason, to combat stigma it requires a broad intervention, involving medical, psychological and social areas. The understanding of the process of stigma contributes to a change of the social interpretation of the epilepsy, in a direction of a construction of a society more tolerant, where the differences are respected.

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          Most cited references97

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          Mental illness stigma: concepts, consequences, and initiatives to reduce stigma.

          Persons with mental illness frequently encounter public stigma and may suffer from self-stigma. This review aims to clarify the concept of mental illness stigma and discuss consequences for individuals with mental illness. After a conceptual overview of stigma we discuss two leading concepts of mental illness stigma and consequences of stigma, focussing on self-stigma/empowerment and fear of stigma as a barrier to using health services. Finally, we discuss three main strategies to reduce stigma -- protest, education, and contact -- and give examples of current anti-stigma campaigns. Well-designed anti-stigma initiatives will help to diminish negative consequences of mental illness stigma.
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            The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment.

            Traditional theories of moral psychology emphasize reasoning and "higher cognition," while more recent work emphasizes the role of emotion. The present fMRI data support a theory of moral judgment according to which both "cognitive" and emotional processes play crucial and sometimes mutually competitive roles. The present results indicate that brain regions associated with abstract reasoning and cognitive control (including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex) are recruited to resolve difficult personal moral dilemmas in which utilitarian values require "personal" moral violations, violations that have previously been associated with increased activity in emotion-related brain regions. Several regions of frontal and parietal cortex predict intertrial differences in moral judgment behavior, exhibiting greater activity for utilitarian judgments. We speculate that the controversy surrounding utilitarian moral philosophy reflects an underlying tension between competing subsystems in the brain.
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              Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jecn
                Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology
                J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol.
                Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia (LBE) (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                1676-2649
                1980-5365
                December 2006
                : 12
                : 4
                : 207-218
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUNICAMP orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciencias Médicas orgdiv2Departamento de Neurologia
                [02] orgnameUNICAMP orgdiv1FCM orgdiv2Departamento de Neurologia
                Article
                S1676-26492006000700005 S1676-2649(06)01200405
                10.1590/S1676-26492006000700005
                3a98ab36-ca21-4d3c-8576-14d04d12b25e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 August 2006
                : 06 October 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 98, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                qualidade de vida,stigma,quality of life,epilepsy,epilepsia,estigma

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