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      A formação de profissionais na pós-graduação em saúde pública e atenção primária à saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Translated title: Training of professionals in post-graduation courses in public health and primary healthcare in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Resumo Visando discutir a formação profissional na pós-graduação para o sistema público de saúde que integre os campos da saúde pública e da atenção primária à saúde (APS), este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a construção e proposta metodológica de dois cursos desenvolvidos pela ENSP/Fiocruz em parceria com o Município/RJ, entre 2010-2014: Mestrado Profissional/APS (MPAPS) e Especialização em Saúde Pública. Metodologia: sistematização de documentos acadêmicos dos cursos, com elaboração de categorias analíticas emergentes (histórico gerencial-interface teórica, campo pedagógico). Resultados/Discussão: Duas turmas de MPAPS (n = 24 alunos/turma) e cinco de Especialização (média de 30/turma) foram desenvolvidas no período, com aprovação em torno de 90-80%, com estrutura curricular ajustada à realidade local. Destacam-se como desafios implementados: 1) no plano epistemológico: desenvolvimento de competências para formação profissional que produzissem sentidos coerentes à saúde, como produção social/cultural; 2) na perspectiva da aprendizagem: elaboração de dinâmicas que valorizassem os sujeitos da aprendizagem, seus contextos socioculturais e experiências; 3) ambientes e relações do trabalho, comproblematização das mesmas, trazendo-as para o ambiente de aprendizagem.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This paper examines post-graduation professional training and qualification courses in the fields of public health and primary healthcare. Its aim is to reflect on the construction and methodological proposal of two courses given by ENSP/Fiocruz in partnership with the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, over the years 2010 to 2014: The Professional Master’s Degree in Primary Healthcare (MPAPS), and Specialization in Public Health. Methodology: Systematization of academic documents of the courses, with preparation of emerging analytical categories (theoretical management-interface history, field of pedagogy). Results/discussion: Two classes of the MPAPS course (n=24 students per group) and five of the Specialization course (average 30 per group) were held in the period, with approval rates at the 90%–80% level, with curriculum structure adjusted to the local situation. As challenges that were implemented, we highlight: 1) On the epistemological level: development of competencies for professional training that would produce results coherent with health, as social/cultural production; 2) from the learning point of view: preparation of dynamics that give value to the students, their social-cultural context and experiences; 3) work environments and relationships, bringing their structured analysis into the learning environment.

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          Human resources for health policies: a critical component in health policies

          In the last few years, increasing attention has been paid to the development of health policies. But side by side with the presumed benefits of policy, many analysts share the opinion that a major drawback of health policies is their failure to make room for issues of human resources. Current approaches in human resources suggest a number of weaknesses: a reactive, ad hoc attitude towards problems of human resources; dispersal of accountability within human resources management (HRM); a limited notion of personnel administration that fails to encompass all aspects of HRM; and finally the short-term perspective of HRM. There are three broad arguments for modernizing the ways in which human resources for health are managed: • the central role of the workforce in the health sector; • the various challenges thrown up by health system reforms; • the need to anticipate the effect on the health workforce (and consequently on service provision) arising from various macroscopic social trends impinging on health systems. The absence of appropriate human resources policies is responsible, in many countries, for a chronic imbalance with multifaceted effects on the health workforce: quantitative mismatch, qualitative disparity, unequal distribution and a lack of coordination between HRM actions and health policy needs. Four proposals have been put forward to modernize how the policy process is conducted in the development of human resources for health (HRH): • to move beyond the traditional approach of personnel administration to a more global concept of HRM; • to give more weight to the integrated, interdependent and systemic nature of the different components of HRM when preparing and implementing policy; • to foster a more proactive attitude among human resources (HR) policy-makers and managers; • to promote the full commitment of all professionals and sectors in all phases of the process. The development of explicit human resources policies is a crucial link in health policies and is needed both to address the imbalances of the health workforce and to foster implementation of the health services reforms.
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            Documentos de identidade: uma introdução às teorias do currículo

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              Formação de recursos humanos em saúde da família: paradoxos e perspectivas

              Célia Gil (2005)
              O artigo apresenta o perfil dos alunos ingressos nos cursos de Especialização e na Residência Multiprofissional em saúde da família, ambos financiados pelo Projeto REFORSUS do Ministério da Saúde e iniciados no ano de 2001. Foram pesquisados 16 cursos de especialização (38,0%) e 9 residências (69,0%) mediante análise de 873 questionários (709 e 164, respectivamente). Em ambos predominaram alunos do sexo feminino, enfermeiros e profissionais com até cinco anos de formados. Na Especialização, os profissionais inseridos nas equipes de saúde da família representaram a maioria e verificou-se que cerca de um terço dos alunos já havia feito outros cursos de especialização, observando-se o contrário na Residência Multiprofissional. Concluiu-se que este tipo de estudo contribui para caracterizar a clientela que tem demandado aos cursos de pós-graduação lato sensu, adequando necessidade e oferta.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva
                1678-4561
                May 2016
                : 21
                : 5
                : 1461-1470
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232016000501461
                10.1590/1413-81232015215.00632016
                27166895
                3a3bad8b-3314-495d-a037-256d5da95739

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-8123&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Health education,Public health,Primary healthcare,Professional training,Educação em saúde,Saúde pública,Atenção primária à saúde,Formação profissional

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