Future stability of perfect fluids with extreme tilt and linear equation of state \(p=c_s^2\rho\) for the Einstein-Euler system with positive cosmological constant: The range \(\frac{1}{3}<c_s^2<\frac{3}{7}\)

Abstract

We study the future stability of cosmological fluids, in spacetimes with an accelerated expansion, which exhibit extreme tilt behavior, ie. their fluid velocity becoming asymptotically null at timelike infinity. It has been predicted in the article \cite{LEUW} that the latter behavior is dominant for sound speeds beyond radiation \(c_s=1/\sqrt{3}\), hence, bifurcating off of the stable orthogonal fluid behavior modeled by the classical FLRW family of solutions, for \(c_s^2\in[0,\frac{1}{3}]\). First, we construct homogeneous solutions to the Einstein-Euler system with the latter behavior, in \(\mathbb{S}^3\) spatial topology, for sound speeds \(c_s^2\in(\frac{1}{3},1)\). Then, we study their future dynamics and prove a global stability result in the restricted range \(c_s^2\in(\frac{1}{3},\frac{3}{7})\). In particular, we show that extreme tilt behavior persists to sufficiently small perturbations of the homogeneous backgrounds, without any symmetry assumptions or analyticity. Our method is based on a bootstrap argument, in weighted Sobolev spaces, capturing the exponential decay of suitable renormalized variables. Extreme tilt behavior is associated with a degeneracy in the top order energy estimates that we derive, which allows us to complete our bootstrap argument only in the aforementioned restricted range of sound speeds. Interestingly, this is a degeneracy that does not appear in the study of formal series expansions. Moreover, for the Euler equations on a fixed FLRW background, our estimates can be improved to treat the entire beyond radiation interval \(c_s^2\in(\frac{1}{3},1)\), a result already obtained in \cite{MO}. The latter indicates that the former issue is related to the general inhomogeneous geometry of the perturbed metric in the coupled to Einstein case.