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Abstract
Neurobiology of retinal dopamine is reviewed and discussed in relation to degenerative
states of the tissue. The Introduction deals with the basic physiological actions
of dopamine on the different neurons in vertebrate retinae with an emphasis upon mammals.
The intimate relationship between the dopamine and melatonin systems is also covered.
Recent advances in the molecular biology of dopamine receptors is reviewed in some
detail. As degenerative states of the retina, three examples are highlighted: Parkinson's
disease; ageing; and retinal dystrophy (retinitis pigmentosa). As visual functions
controlled, at least in part, by dopamine, absolute sensitivity, spatial contrast
sensitivity, temporal (including flicker) sensitivity and colour vision are reviewed.
Possible cellular and synaptic bases of the visual dysfunctions observed during retinal
degenerations are discussed in relation to dopaminergic control. It is concluded that
impairment of the dopamine system during retinal degenerations could give rise to
many of the visual abnormalities observed. In particular, the involvement of dopamine
in controlling the coupling of horizontal and amacrine cell lateral systems appears
to be central to the visual defects seen.