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      Variabilidade genética interespecífica em formigas cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex que ocorrem no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul Translated title: Inter-specific genetic variability of leaf cutting ants (Acromyrmex genus) from Rio Grande do Sul State

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          Abstract

          São poucos os taxonomistas que atuam na identificação de formigas cortadeiras. Os métodos morfométricos utilizados nem sempre permitem uma identificação confiável, em função do acentuado polimorfismo dentro do mesmo formigueiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi testar a possibilidade do uso da ferramenta da biologia molecular para auxiliar na identificação das espécies de formigas cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex que ocorrem no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi realizado com seis espécies de formigas do gênero Acromyrmex coletadas em quatro regiões do RS. Utilizaram-se as técnicas RAPD e AFLP, testando-se inicialmente 50 primers, dos quais apenas 13 foram selecionados por terem amplificado com sucesso fragmentos de todas as espécies estudadas. Embora os 13 primers selecionados tenham produzido fragmentos que permitem várias alternativas de seu uso para a identificação das espécies A. heyeri, A. ambiguus, A. crassispinus, A. striatus, A. laticeps e A. aspersus, a identificação das mesmas poderá ser realizada utilizando-se apenas os primers UBC 354, UBC 348 e UBC 356, que apresentaram fragmentos bem visíveis, que permitem uma identificação segura. Os resultados obtidos com o dendograma e as características morfológicas analisadas mostram que as espécies A. striatus e A. laticeps são menos relacionadas com as demais espécies estudadas, enquanto maior proximidade genética foi observada entre as espécies A. ambiguus e A. crassispinus. Através deste trabalho, pode-se concluir que a identificação das espécies de Acromyrmex pode ser realizada de maneira segura pelas técnicas RAPD e AFLP.

          Translated abstract

          At present, a few number of taxonomists work on identification of leaf cutting ants. Morphological-based methods do not always produce a reliable identification, due to the strong polymorphism observed even in the same colony. This fact leads to hypothesize that, besides those variations, others may also occur related to geographic distribution of the ants. Six Acromyrmex species were sampled at four locations in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and analyzed by RAPD and AFLP. Fifty UBC primers, originated from the University of British Columbia, were evaluated to select a set of primers that could be useful for species identification and genetic variability studies. Only 13 primers, which amplified fragments of all species, were selected. Although the selected primers produced fragments that allowed various ways for identification of A. heyeri, A. ambiguus, A. crassispinus, A. striatus, A. laticeps and A. aspersus, only UBC 354, UBC348 and UBC356 primers allowed a reliable identification showing the most visible fragments. Results by dendogram and morphological-based identification, showed that A. striatus and A. laticeps are less related to the other species. However A. ambiguus e A. crassispinus are the most genetically related ants in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The results indicate that a reliable identification of Acromyrmex can be carried out by RAPD and AFLP, yet allowing verification of genetic distance between species.

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          Polymorphisms generated by arbitrarily primed PCR in the mouse: application to strain identification and genetic mapping.

          Polymorphisms in genomic fingerprints generated by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) can distinguish between strains of almost any organism. We applied the technique to the mouse (Mus musculus). The characteristic differences in the AP-PCR genomic fingerprints between strains will be of value in strain identification and verification. Using one primer, we genetically mapped four polymorphisms in a set of C57BL/6J x DBA/2J recombinant inbreds. One of these polymorphisms is a length variant. The method will allow rapid genetic mapping of DNA polymorphisms without Southern blotting.
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            Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers for DNA fingerprinting and genetic variability assessment of minute parasitic wasp species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae) used in biological control programs of phytophagous insects.

            Biological control of insects that feed on our crops has become more practical in recent years by mass release of egg parasitoid microhymenoptera. Trichogramma species are now commercially reared and spread in commercial fields to control specific insect pests. Microhymenoptera species are, however, very small and morphologically indistinguishable within species, although strains of a given species differ in their efficiency to control specific insect pests. Traditional taxonomy is unable to differentiate microhymenoptera species at the strain level. It is becoming increasingly important to develop a reliable system to monitor genetic variations both within and between strains of commercially important microhymenoptera, to detect genetic drift occurring during several generations of multiplication, to protect patents, and to certify the lots of commercially released microhymenoptera. We have developed a system based on DNA markers to rapidly characterize individuals of five species of microhymenoptera from the genus Anaphes and Trichogramma including a new species of Anaphes not previously described. The main components of our system are a rapid and simple DNA micro-extraction method and fast DNA polymorphism analyses based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers.
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              Patterns of inheritance with RAPD molecular markers reveal novel types of polymorphism in the honey bee

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria, RS, Brazil )
                0103-8478
                1678-4596
                August 2007
                : 37
                : 4
                : 921-927
                Affiliations
                [01] Pelotas RS orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel orgdiv2Departamento de Fitossanidade Brasil
                [02] Pelotas RS orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel orgdiv2Departamento de Fitotecnia Brasil
                Article
                S0103-84782007000400001 S0103-8478(07)03700401
                38c238bf-39ea-4a9e-81d6-9748aaf67bca

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 August 2006
                : 27 December 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Defesa Fitossanitária

                RAPD,Quenquéns,AFLP,Primers,Quenquens
                RAPD, Quenquéns, AFLP, Primers, Quenquens

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