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      • Record: found
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      Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent Individual: A case report

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare mycotic infection caused by various heterogenous groups of phaeoid (dematiaceous) fungi involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Common clinical manifestations are subcutaneous abscesses or cystic swellings. Here, we report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis presenting as multiple asymptomatic cystic swellings over the hands and feet without any predisposing factors. Histopathology showed granulomatous inflammation and special stain with Grocott's methanamine silver stain revealed broad pigmented hyphae. Culture showed black-colored colonies identified as Exophiala jeanselmi. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the lesions.

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          Pathogenic roles for fungal melanins.

          Eric S. Jacobson (2000)
          Melanins represent virulence factors for several pathogenic fungi; the number of examples is growing. Thus, albino mutants of several genera (in one case, mutated precisely in the melanizing enzyme) exhibit decreased virulence in mice. We consider the phenomenon in relation to known chemical properties of melanin, beginning with biosynthesis from ortho-hydroquinone precursors which, when oxidized enzymatically to quinones, polymerize spontaneously to melanin. It follows that melanizing intermediates are cross-linking reagents; melanization stabilizes the external cell wall against hydrolysis and is thought to determine semipermeability in the osmotic ram (the appressorium) of certain plant pathogens. Polymeric melanins undergo reversible oxidation-reduction reactions between cell wall-penetrating quinone and hydroquinone oxidation states and thus represent polymeric redox buffers; using strong oxidants, it is possible to titrate the melanin on living cells and thereby demonstrate protection conferred by melanin in several species. The amount of buffering per cell approximately neutralizes the amount of oxidant generated by a single macrophage. Moreover, the intermediate oxidation state, the semiquinone, is a very stable free radical and is thought to trap unpaired electrons. We have suggested that the oxidation state of external melanin may be regulated by external Fe(II). An independent hypothesis holds that in Cryptococcus neoformans, an important function of the melanizing enzyme (apart from melanization) is the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III), thereby forestalling generation of the harmful hydroxyl radical from H(2)O(2). Thus, problems in fungal pathogenesis have led to evolving hypotheses regarding melanin functioning.
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            Phaeohyphomycosis.

            G Rinaldi (1995)
            Mycoses caused by dematiaceous (darkly pigmented) fungi are escalating in contemporary medicine. Such fungal infections are properly termed phaeohyphomycosis and are of increasing concern to dermatologists. A high index of suspicion, knowledge of clinical and laboratory presentations, enhanced mycologic attention, and an awareness of current therapeutic modalities--surgical and chemotherapeutic--may offer optimal management strategies for patients experiencing this type of often unique mycotic infection.
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              Subcutaneous pheohyphomycosis in India - a case report and review

              Nand Sharma, Vikram Mahajan, Ramesh Sharma … (2002)
              Article 0 comments Cited 11 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian Dermatol Online J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian Dermatol Online J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IDOJ
                Title: Indian Dermatology Online Journal
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2229-5178
                ISSN (Electronic): 2249-5673
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Feb 2017
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 29-31
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Sudharani Chintagunta, Plot no. 5, Jupitor Colony, Kakaguda, Karkhana, Secunderabad - 500 015, Telangana, India. E-mail: schintagunta@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: IDOJ-8-29
                DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.198770
                PMC ID: 5297266
                PubMed ID: 28217468
                SO-VID: 38ab99ff-8ce1-4b78-8ca5-2d39cb9ba437
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2017 Indian Dermatology Online Journal
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : August 2015
                Date accepted : September 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: e. jeanselmi,multiple cystic swellings,phaeohyphomycosis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: e. jeanselmi, multiple cystic swellings, phaeohyphomycosis

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