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      Nitrogen fertilization on the agro-economic performance of sesame in the Brazilian semiarid Translated title: Adubação nitrogenada no desempenho agroeconômico do gergelim no semiárido brasileiro

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          Abstract

          Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) under nitrogen fertigation in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot, where the plots were assigned five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) and the sub-plots were represented by four sesame genotypes ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4', and 'BRS Seda'). The following variables were evaluated in two agricultural harvests in 2016: gross and net incomes, rate of return, and profit margin. In both harvests, there was a variation in production costs between N rates. In the second harvest, the highest values of net income were achieved with 120 kg ha-1 N fertigation, being: R$7,428.36 ha-1 for 'CNPA G2', R$8,630.74 ha-1 for 'CNPA G3', R$9,828.64 ha-1 for 'CNPA G4', and R$8,354.06 ha-1 for 'BRS Seda'. Increasing N rates provide an increase in the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profit margin for sesame producers. Fertigation with 120 kg ha-1 N provides the maximum agro-economic performance for sesame, whereas the 'CNPA G4' genotype shows the greatest agro-economic efficiency.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agroeconômico do gergelim (Sesamum indicum) sob fertirrigação com nitrogênio na região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, e os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, em que as parcelas receberam cinco doses de N (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1) e as subparcelas foram representadas por quatro genótipos de gergelim ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4' e 'BRS Seda'). As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas em duas safras agrícolas, em 2016: rendas bruta e líquida, taxa de retorno e margem de lucro. Nas duas safras, houve variação nos custos de produção entre as doses de N. Na segunda safra, os maiores valores de renda líquida foram obtidos com 120 kg ha-1 de fertirrigação com N, a saber: R\(7.428,36 ha-1 para 'CNPA G2', R\) 8.630,74 ha-1 para 'CNPA G3', R\(9.828,64 ha-1 para 'CNPA G4' e R\) 8.354,06 ha-1 para 'BRS Seda'. Doses crescentes de N proporcionam aumento na renda bruta, na renda líquida, na taxa de retorno e no índice de lucratividade para produtores de gergelim. A fertirrigação com 120 kg ha-1 de N proporciona o máximo desempenho agroeconômico para o gergelim, enquanto o genótipo 'CNPA G4' apresenta a maior eficiência agroeconômica.

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          Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system

          Sisvar is a statistical analysis system, first released in 1996 although its development began in 1994. The first version was done in the programming language Pascal and compiled with Borland Turbo Pascal 3. Sisvar was developed to achieve some specific goals. The first objective was to obtain software that could be used directly on the statistical experimental course of the Department of Exact Science at the Federal University of Lavras. The second objective was to initiate the development of a genuinely Brazilian free software program that met the demands and peculiarities of research conducted in the country. The third goal was to present statistical analysis software for the Brazilian scientific community that would allow research results to be analyzed efficiently and reliably. All of the initial goals were achieved. Sisvar gained acceptance by the scientific community because it provides reliable, accurate, precise, simple and robust results, and allows users a greater degree of interactivity.
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            Regulação da absorção e assimilação do nitrogênio nas plantas

            A presente revisão tem por objetivo discutir os mecanismos de regulação da absorção e assimilação do nitrogênio nas plantas, de modo que a eficiência de uso desse nutriente seja aumentada. O nitrogênio é absorvido nas raízes sob a forma de NO3- ou NH4+, sendo então incorporado em aminoácidos na própria raiz ou na parte aérea. A taxa e a quantidade de nitrogênio absorvido e assimilado durante o ciclo da planta dependem da presença de carregadores específicos na membrana plasmática, da atividade das enzimas envolvidas no seu ciclo, da disponibilidade de energia necessária para os processos de absorção e assimilação e do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta. Inúmeros grupos de pesquisa têm centrado esforços na identificação dos pontos mais limitantes do metabolismo do nitrogênio nas plantas. Os limitadores têm sido relacionados com: a) a afinidade dos carregadores pelo nitrato e amônio; b) o suprimento de carboidratos às raízes; c) o nível de aminoácidos no floema radicular; d) a atividade das enzimas redutase do nitrato (RN), sintetase da glutamina (GS) e sintase do glutamato (GOGAT); e) a fonte de N suprida às plantas (NO3- ou NH4+); f) o local de assimilação do N (raiz ou parte aérea). Esses estudos têm mostrado que o metabolismo do N é multiregulado e integrado ao metabolismo geral da planta. A identificação de pontos metabólicos específicos que são mais limitantes para o incremento da produtividade é complexa. A perspectiva é que a clonagem dos transportadores de N poderá auxiliar os programas de melhoramento genético na obtenção de plantas mais eficientes na absorção do nitrogênio.
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              PEDOGENESIS AND SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL FARM IN MOSSORÓ, STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL

              ABSTRACT The Rafael Fernandes experimental farm is located in the Alagoinha district, northwest of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, over two pedogenic formations of different edaphic characteristics, thus needing a more detailed description of its soil types, since this area hosts several experimental fields for researches on agriculture. The objective of this work was to characterize the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical features of the most representative soils of this farm, in order to understand its pedogenesis and define its classifications. The whole area was surveyed in order to assess its more representative pedogenic formations. Three soil profiles were classified and described, from which samples were collected in all horizons for physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis. The parent materials and the relief were the determining factors for pedogenic processes of desilication, podzolization and laterization, generating the three main soil types of the area, which were classified up to the 4th categorical level and described as: Typic Rhodustults (P1), Rhodic Haplustox (P2) and Typic Plinthustalfs (P3).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-204X
                1678-3921
                2021
                : 56
                : e01928
                Affiliations
                [2] Piranhas orgnameInstituto Federal de Alagoas Brazil enio.souza@ 123456ifal.edu.br
                [1] Mossoró Rio Grande do Norte orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agrárias orgdiv2Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais Brazil manoel.galdino5@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0100-204X2021000101901 S0100-204X(21)05600001901
                10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01928
                382ee7a6-db45-4f76-9b21-916ac2a5490f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 April 2020
                : 07 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Economics

                General economics
                margem de lucro,fertirrigação nitrogenada,renda líquida,Sesamum indicum,profit margin,nitrogen fertigation,net income

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