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      CEPAS NATIVAS DE Bacillus thuringiensis CONTRA Spodoptera frugiperda y Alabama argillacea EN EL CULTIVO DE ALGODÓN (Gossypium barbadens) EN PIURA, PERÚ Translated title: NATIVE STRAINS OF Bacillus thuringiensis AGAINST Spodoptera frugiperda and Alabama argillacea IN COTTON CROP (Gossypium barbadens) IN PIURA, PERU

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Los lepidópteros son una de las plagas más importantes del algodón (Gossypium barbadens). Su control se realiza con insecticidas sintéticos, que contaminan el medio ambiente, por lo que el control biológico constituye una alternativa ecológica al uso de tales productos químicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar cepas nativas de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) y evaluar su toxicidad contra Spodoptera frugiperda y Alabama argillacea, insectos plaga del cultivo de algodón. Las cepas nativas de Bt fueron aisladas de muestras de suelo de diferentes zonas algodoneras de Piura, Perú. Se obtuvieron 600 colonias del género Bacillus, de los cuales 37 cepas nativas presentaron características morfológicas similares a las cepas estándares de Bt (HD1 y NA118). La caracterización morfológica y bioquímica de las 37 cepas nativas mostró que 15 cepas presentaron cristal paraesporal de forma bipiramidal de acción tóxica contra lepidópteros, y características bioquímicas similares a las cepas estándares de Bt. El efecto tóxico de las 15 cepas nativas se evaluó con la prueba del alimento contaminado con discos de hojas de lechuga y algodón. Los resultados mostraron que las cepas IN-24, IN-30 e IN-34 ocasionaron 100% de mortalidad en S. frugiperda y las cepas IN-19, IN-24 e IN-25 ocasionaron 100% de mortalidad en A. argillacea, mientras que la cepa IN-24 ocasionó 100% de mortalidad en ambas especies. Por otra parte, la prueba de la dieta artificial reveló que las cepas IN-34, IN-01 e IN-31 ocasionaron los mayores porcentajes de mortalidad en S. frugiperda y A. argillacea, respectivamente. Se concluyó que existe varias cepas nativas de B. thuringiensis que pueden controlar S. frugiperda y A. argillacea.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The order Lepidoptera is one of the most important pests of cotton (Gossypium barbadens). These insects are controlled with synthetic insecticides, which contaminate the environment. Therefore, biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of such chemicals. The objective of this research was to isolate native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and evaluate their toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperd a and Alabama argillacea, which are insect pests of the cotton crop. The native strains of Bt were isolated from soil samples from different cotton areas of the Piura, Perú. 600 colonies of the genus Bacillus were obtained, of which 37 native strains presented morphological characteristics similar to the standard strains of Bt (HD1 and NA118). The morphological and biochemical characterization showed that 15 strains showed parasporal crystal of bipyramidal form of toxic action against Lepidoptera, exhibiting biochemical characteristics equal to the standard strains of Bt. The toxic effect of these 15 native strains was evaluated through a food poisoned test using lettuce and cotton leaf discs. The results showed that strains IN-24, IN-30 and IN-34 caused 100% mortality in S. frugiperda; strains IN-19, IN-24 and IN-25 caused 100% mortality in A. argillacea; while strain IN-24 caused 100% mortality in both species. The artificial diet test showed that strains IN-34, IN-01 and IN-31 caused the highest mortality rates in S. frugiperda and A. argillacea, respectively, when compared with the standard strains HD1 and NA118. It is concluded that there are several native strains of B. thuringiensis that can control S. frugiperda and A. argillacea.

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          Bacillus thuringiensis and its pesticidal crystal proteins.

          During the past decade the pesticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has been the subject of intensive research. These efforts have yielded considerable data about the complex relationships between the structure, mechanism of action, and genetics of the organism's pesticidal crystal proteins, and a coherent picture of these relationships is beginning to emerge. Other studies have focused on the ecological role of the B. thuringiensis crystal proteins, their performance in agricultural and other natural settings, and the evolution of resistance mechanisms in target pests. Armed with this knowledge base and with the tools of modern biotechnology, researchers are now reporting promising results in engineering more-useful toxins and formulations, in creating transgenic plants that express pesticidal activity, and in constructing integrated management strategies to insure that these products are utilized with maximum efficiency and benefit.
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            Biology and taxonomy of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, and Bacillus thuringiensis.

            Three species of the Bacillus cereus group (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, and Bacillus thuringiensis) have a marked impact on human activity. Bacillus cereus and B. anthracis are important pathogens of mammals, including humans, and B. thuringiensis is extensively used in the biological control of insects. The microbiological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of these three species are reviewed, together with a discussion of several genomic studies conducted on strains of B. cereus group. Using bacterial systematic concepts, we speculate that to understand the taxonomic relationship within this group of bacteria, special attention should be devoted also to the ecology and the population genetics of these species.
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              Worldwide Abundance and Distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates.

              We found the insect control agent Bacillus thuringiensis to be a ubiquitous soil microorganism. Using acetate selection to screen soil samples, we isolated B. thuringiensis in 785 of 1,115 soil samples. These samples were obtained in the United States and 29 other countries. A total of 48% of the B. thuringiensis isolates (8,916 isolates) fit the biochemical description of known varieties, while 52% represented undescribed B. thuringiensis types. Over 60% (1,052 isolates) of the isolates tested for toxicity were toxic to insects in the orders Lepidoptera or Diptera. Soil samples were collected from various habitats, including those habitats with different numbers of insects. The current presence of insects did not predict the presence of B. thuringiensis in a particular soil sample. B. thuringiensis was most abundant in samples from Asia.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                chjaasc
                Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences
                Chil. j. agric. anim. sci.
                Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Agronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería Agricola y Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (Chillán, , Chile )
                0719-3882
                0719-3890
                May 2020
                : 36
                : 1
                : 52-62
                Affiliations
                [3] Piura Piura orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Piura orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía orgdiv2Departamento Académico de Sanidad Vegetal Peru
                [2] Piura Piura orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Piura orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía orgdiv2Departamento Académico de Sanidad Vegetal Peru
                [1] Lima Lima orgnameUniversidad Nacional Tecnológica del Cono Sur de Lima orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería y Gestión Peru
                [4] Piura Piura orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Piura orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía orgdiv2Departamento Académico de Sanidad Vegetal Peru
                Article
                S0719-38902020000100052 S0719-3890(20)03600100052
                10.29393/chjaas36-2s30002
                37573a34-f6c3-4131-9a2b-1bda31fc1796

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 December 2019
                : 27 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                lepidópteros,bioinsecticida,bacterias,algodón,toxina,lepidoptera,bioinsecticide,cotton,bacteria,toxin

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