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      Actividad antimicrobiana in vitro del extracto foliar de zabila (Aloe vera L.) en microorganismos de interés clínico Translated title: Antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of zabila (Aloe vera L.) in growth of clinical microbes

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          Abstract

          La zabila es una planta de gran interés médico-farmacéutico, por las diversas y numerosas propiedades medicinales en enfermedades de distinto origen, corroborándose el efecto de sus extractos en estudios in vitro e in vivo. Se evaluó mediante el método de macro dilución, la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto etanólico foliar del Aloe vera L. (5% a 80%), cualitativamente por la turbidez del cultivo en medio líquido y cuantittivamente en unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) en medio sólido, determinando la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI), bactericida (CMB) y fungicida (CMF) en 50 μL del inoculo de microorganismos de interés clínico, tales como: complejo Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus a 37ºC a 24 y 48 h. A las 24 horas, la CMI fue 35, 40 y 55% y la CMB fue 40, 45 y 60%, para E. coli, P. aeruginosa y S. aureus respectivamente, mientras que en C. albicans, la CMI y CMF fueron 55 y 60% respectivamente. A las 48 horas de cultivo la CMI fue 30, 35 y 25% y la CMB fue 35, 40 y 30%, para E. coli, P. aeruginosa y S. aureus, respectivamente, mientras que en C. albicans, la CMI y CMF fueron 40 y 45% respectivamente. Los resultados encontrados con la exposición a 48 h al extracto foliar de Aloe vera L. de estos microrganismos, permite concluir que los mismos son erradicados, planteándose a futuro como una eficaz y económica alternativa natural para el tratamiento de las afecciones causadas por estos organismos tan importantes clínicamente, luego que se realicen las validaciones legales in vivo, que permitan su definitivo uso comercial.

          Translated abstract

          The zabila is a plant of great medical and pharmaceutical interest, for its various and numerous medicinal properties in diseases of different origin, corroborating the effect in vitro and in vivo of extracts. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity with macro dilution method, in the ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaf (5-80%), qualitatively by the turbidity of the culture in liquid medium and quantitatively in colony forming units (CFU) on solid medium, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), bactericidal (BIC) and fungicidal (FIC), in 50 uL of the inoculum of microorganisms of clinical interest such as Candida albicans complex, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at 37°C for 24 and 48 h. Found that at 24 hours, MIC was 35, 40 and 55% and BIC was 40, 45 and 60% for E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively, whereas C. albicans, the MIC and MFC were 55 and 60% respectively. After 48 hours of culture MIC was 30, 35 and 25% and BIC was 35, 40 and 30% for E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively, whereas C. albicans, the MIC and MFC were 40 and 45% respectively. The 48 h exposure to the leaf extract of Aloe vera L has great potential biocide for these clinically important microorganisms, can be effectively used in the production of generic drugs of low economic value to treat conditions caused by them in the future, once the legal validation in vivo, allowing their final commercial use are made.

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          Most cited references44

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          Plant products as antimicrobial agents.

          The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and "leads" which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as antimicrobials. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; Western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. This review attempts to summarize the current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations.
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            Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons.

            Microbial transformations of cyclic hydrocarbons have received much attention during the past three decades. Interest in the degradation of environmental pollutants as well as in applications of microorganisms in the catalysis of chemical reactions has stimulated research in this area. The metabolic pathways of various aromatics, cycloalkanes, and terpenes in different microorganisms have been elucidated, and the genetics of several of these routes have been clarified. The toxicity of these compounds to microorganisms is very important in the microbial degradation of hydrocarbons, but not many researchers have studied the mechanism of this toxic action. In this review, we present general ideas derived from the various reports mentioning toxic effects. Most importantly, lipophilic hydrocarbons accumulate in the membrane lipid bilayer, affecting the structural and functional properties of these membranes. As a result of accumulated hydrocarbon molecules, the membrane loses its integrity, and an increase in permeability to protons and ions has been observed in several instances. Consequently, dissipation of the proton motive force and impairment of intracellular pH homeostasis occur. In addition to the effects of lipophilic compounds on the lipid part of the membrane, proteins embedded in the membrane are affected. The effects on the membrane-embedded proteins probably result to a large extent from changes in the lipid environment; however, direct effects of lipophilic compounds on membrane proteins have also been observed. Finally, the effectiveness of changes in membrane lipid composition, modification of outer membrane lipopolysaccharide, altered cell wall constituents, and active excretion systems in reducing the membrane concentrations of lipophilic compounds is discussed. Also, the adaptations (e.g., increase in lipid ordering, change in lipid/protein ratio) that compensate for the changes in membrane structure are treated.
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              Composition and Applications of Aloe vera Leaf Gel

              Many of the health benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves. These biological activities include promotion of wound healing, antifungal activity, hypoglycemic or antidiabetic effects anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory and gastroprotective properties. While the known biological activities of A. vera will be briefly discussed, it is the aim of this review to further highlight recently discovered effects and applications of the leaf gel. These effects include the potential of whole leaf or inner fillet gel liquid preparations of A. vera to enhance the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of co-administered compounds as well as enhancement of skin permeation. In addition, important pharmaceutical applications such as the use of the dried A. vera gel powder as an excipient in sustained release pharmaceutical dosage forms will be outlined.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                s
                Salus
                Salus
                Universidad de Carabobo (Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela )
                1316-7138
                December 2014
                : 18
                : 3
                : 27-32
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Carabobo orgdiv1Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología (FACYT) orgdiv2Departamento de Biología Venezuela
                Article
                S1316-71382014000300006 S1316-7138(14)01800306
                372846fc-48be-4ffb-92f9-51ecc63dfb85

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : June 2014
                : November 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Categories
                Artículos

                Bactericida,zabila,ethanol extract,fungicidal,Bactericidal,extracto etanólico,fungicida

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