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      Estudo da síndrome da ceratoconjuntivite seca de pacientes soropositivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida humana tipo 1 e com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, em uso ou não de terapia anti-retroviral combinada (HAART) Translated title: Study of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, in use or not of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Verificar a presença de olho seco e de alterações no epitélio conjuntival em pacientes com sorologia positiva para o HIV-1 e com AIDS; relacionar as eventuais alterações com as características e com outras condições oculares e sistêmicas dos pacientes; estudar a influência da terapia anti-retroviral combinada na ceratoconjuntivite seca (KCS), nos pacientes com AIDS. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados pacientes com confirmação laboratorial da infecção pelo HIV, divididos em 2 grupos: I. HIV+ (sem diagnóstico clínico e com contagem de CD4+ acima de 200 células/mm³) e II. pacientes com AIDS (contagem de CD4+ abaixo de 200 células e/ou manifestação clínica). Foram estudadas alterações oculares, dados laboratoriais, análise do filme lacrimal e estudo da citologia de impressão conjuntival. Método estatístico: qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Incluídos 43 pacientes do grupo I e 77 do grupo II. Após a introdução do HAART houve queda significativa das manifestações oculares internas; entretanto, o mesmo não ocorreu com as externas. Dos pacientes que apresentaram quadro clínico de olho seco, 65,1% eram do sexo masculino. As alterações do teste de Schirmer e tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal não estiveram relacionados com a gravidade da doença pelo HIV e nem com a contagem de CD4+.Todos os pacientes com alterações na citologia de impressão apresentavam KCS e 88,8% pertenciam ao grupo II. Observou-se aumento da freqüência dessas alterações nos pacientes com tempo de doença superior a 4 anos. CONCLUSÃO: O decréscimo da produção lacrimal não esteve relacionado com a gravidade da infecção pelo HIV e a introdução do HAART não interferiu na freqüência da síndrome de olho seco nos pacientes HIV positivos.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: To determine the presence of dry eye and the changes in the conjunctival epithelium of patients infected with HIV-1 and with AIDS; to investigate the relation of the changes with the characteristics and with other ocular conditions of patients; to study the influence of HAART an eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with AIDS. METHODS: Patients with laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection, were examined and divided into two groups: I. HIV+ (without clinical diagnosis and with a CD4+ count of more than 200 cells/mm³); II. Patients with AIDS (CD4+ count less than 200 cells/mm³ and/or with clinical manifestations). The following were assessed: modes of transmission of HIV; ocular manifestations; laboratory findings, tear production and conjunctival impression cytology. RESULTS: 43 patients of group I e 77 patients of group II were studied. The internal ocular findings were decreased significantly after the use of HAART; however, this did not occur regarding external findings. 65,1% of the patients with dry eye were men. The changes of the Schirmer test and the tear film break up time were neither related to the severity of HIV disease nor to CD4+ count. All patients with changes in the conjunctival impression cytology showed KCS, and 88,8% of the patients were of the group II. Increase in frequency of these changes was found in patients with disease time of more than 4 years. CONCLUSION: The decrease in tear production has not been related to the severity of HIV infection and the use of HAART did not affect the frequency of dry eye syndrome in HIV- positive patients.

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          Impression Cytology

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            Potential mechanisms for the cytopathic properties of HIV.

            R Garry (1989)
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              Diagnostic methods and treatment modalities of dry eye conditions.

              F J Holly (1993)
              One may view dry eye conditions as a group of diseases in which the ocular surface is adversely affected. Tear film instability invariably leads to some degree of cellular surface damage over the cornea and conjunctiva. In turn, ocular epitheliopathy may adversely affect tear film stability. The clinical presentation of the disease may not yield a clue as to its etiology. In recent years considerable progress was made both in the diagnosis and the treatment of the disease and promising studies are planned or are underway. The diagnostic techniques can be divided into four groups. The first is concerned with the clinical presentation. The second is concerned with the bulk properties of the aqueous tears including dynamic characteristics, composition, and colligative properties. The third is tear-film related and includes the film break-up time, evaporation rate, and lipid abnormality. The fourth is concerned with the ocular surface and includes vital staining, impression cytology, and surface microscopy. The most promising attempts are being made in the second group by attempting to elucidate the role of enzyme and enzyme activator activity and inhibitor contents as well as the tear protein profiles and correlating them with the specific disease states. The treatment modalities belong to three major groups aside from surgical intervention; the supplementation, preservation, and the stimulation of tears. The modern version of tear supplementation is expected to include the topical use of efficacious aqueous formulations that typically contain film stabilizing polymers, nutrients, and/or--in the future--biochemically active ingredients such as enzyme activators and inhibitors.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abo
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo )
                1678-2925
                April 2004
                : 67
                : 2
                : 283-287
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0004-27492004000200018
                10.1590/S0004-27492004000200018
                36e1dcc6-f9a5-4403-8e72-07379818256b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-2749&lng=en
                Categories
                OPHTHALMOLOGY

                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                Keratoconjunctivitis sicca,HIV seropositivity,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,Antiviral agents,Combined modality therapy,HIV-1,Ceratoconjuntivite seca,Soropositividade para HIV,Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida,Antivirais,Terapia combinada

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