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      Epstein Barr Virus-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Lymphodepletion for MAGE A4 Adoptive Cellular Therapy in a Patient with Synovial Sarcoma: A Case Report

      case-report
      , ,
      Case Reports in Oncology
      S. Karger AG
      Lymphoproliferative, T-cell, Synovial, Sarcoma

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          Abstract

          Lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) associated with viral reactivation is a known risk of immunocompromised patients. With development of novel cellular therapies utilizing lymphodepletion regimens in advanced cancer, the risk of LPDs should be a consideration. Here, we report a case of a 61-year-old treated male with history of metastatic synovial sarcoma and multiple treatment lines treated with cell therapy (lymphodepleting chemotherapy and afami-cel, formerly ADP-A2M4, T-cell treatment) on clinical study that developed Epstein Barr virus-positive LPD. Patient was treated with rituximab and achieved a complete response. New cellular therapies present promising treatment options for patients and adverse events should be monitored carefully.

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          Most cited references8

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          Epstein-Barr virus-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-PTLD) in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a comprehensive review from pathogenesis to forthcoming treatment modalities

          Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus that infects the majority of the population worldwide. The virus can establish a lifelong latent infection in host B-lymphocytes. In the setting of immunocompromise as is the case post transplantation, the virus can reactivate and cause one of the deadliest complications post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), post-lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), the incidence of which has been increasing. Multiple risk factors have been associated with the onset of PTLD such as age, reduced intensity conditioning, EBV serology mismatch and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. The rarity of clinical trials involving PTLD and the lack of approved treatment modalities renders the management of PTLD challenging. While the first-line treatment involves weekly administration of rituximab, there is no consensus when treating rituximab-refractory PTLD. There is a handful of clinical trials that investigate the role of EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and novel agents, such as bortezomib, lenalidomide, everolimus, panobinostat, and brentuximab. This article aims to explore the entity of EBV-PTLD in HSCT recipients, expanding on clinical presentation, risk factors, modes of monitoring and treatment, and so highlighting the gaps in knowledge that are needed in order to build a treatment paradigm suitable for all patients at risk.
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            Severe early hepatitis B reactivation in a patient receiving anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 CAR T cells for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

            Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is commonly seen in HBsAg-positive hematologic patients undergoing immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Little is known about the risk of HBV reactivation after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) immunotherapy for the treatment of refractory/relapsed malignant B-cell lymphoma. Case presentation We report a patient who underwent antiviral prophylaxis for 26 months and who discontinued treatment by herself 1 month after the sequential infusion of two specific, third-generation anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 CAR T cell immunotherapies for refractory/relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Remission of the primary disease was achieved after two and half months, but she was admitted with a 7-day history of vomiting, jaundice, itching and dark urine. After excluding other possible causes of acute liver damage, HBV reactivation was suspected. HBV-DNA was 4,497,000 IU/mL at that time. Following the reintroduction of entecavir, a decline in the HBV-DNA copies was observed, but ALT, AST and bilirubin were elevated, and there was no improvement of the clinical conditions. She passed away because of hepatic encephalopathy and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 40 days after admission. Conclusions Our study provides the first report of the severe, early reactivation of an inactive HBsAg carrier after CAR T cell therapy in DLBCL. Trial registration ChiCTR-OPN-16008526.
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              Phase I dose escalation and expansion trial to assess the safety and efficacy of ADP-A2M4 SPEAR T cells in advanced solid tumors.

              102 Background: MAGE-A4 is a cancer/testis antigen with expression in many solid tumors promoting cell growth by preventing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This study (NCT03132922) evaluated safety and efficacy of SPEAR T-cells directed against the MAGE-A4 peptide expressed in 9 tumor types. Methods: This Phase I dose-escalation, expansion trial evaluated patients (pt) who were HLA-A*02 positive with advanced cancers that expressed the MAGE-A4 protein. Autologous T-cells from eligible patients were isolated, transduced with a lentiviral vector containing the MAGE-A4 c1032 TCR, and expanded. Prior to ADP-A2M4 infusion, pts received a lymphodepletion regimen of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. Cohorts 1, 2, 3, and expansion were to receive transduced cell doses of up to: 0.12 × 10 9 , 1.2 × 10 9 , 6 × 10 9 , and 10 x 10 9 , respectively. Results: As of 23 October 2019, 9 pts were treated in dose escalation with no DLTs; 25 pts were treated in expansion. Median age was 56.5 yr (range: 31-78). All pts received prior chemotherapy. Most common ( > 30%) AEs ≥Grade 3 were lymphopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and febrile neutropenia. Two pts had trial-related deaths (aplastic anemia and CVA) leading to modification of the lymphodepletion regimen and eligibility criteria. In Cohort 3/expansion (28 pts), Best Overall Response was PR (7), SD (11), PD (5), non-evaluable (5). All PRs, at the time of data cut-off, were in patients with synovial sarcoma. Transduced T-cells were detectable in all patients. Tumor infiltration of SPEAR T-cells was detectable in several cohort 3/expansion pts. Conclusions: The Phase I single agent ADP-A2M4 trial will complete enrollment shortly and updated data will be presented. ADP-A2M4 shows promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile at a dose range of 1.2 – 10 × 10 9 . Clinical activity in various tumors has led to a separate on-going low dose radiation sub-study of this trial, a Phase II trial in sarcoma (SPEARHEAD-1, NCT04044768), and a Phase I trial (SURPASS, NCT04044859) with ADP-A2M4CD8, a next-generation SPEAR T-cell targeting MAGE-A4. Clinical trial information: NCT03132922.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Case Rep Oncol
                Case Rep Oncol
                CRO
                CRO
                Case Reports in Oncology
                S. Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland )
                1662-6575
                12 September 2023
                Jan-Dec 2023
                12 September 2023
                : 16
                : 1
                : 886-892
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Maggie Zhou, myzhou@ 123456stanford.edu
                Article
                533129
                10.1159/000533129
                10601716
                37900845
                36c9a82a-115b-457a-9e58-988b43356fdb
                © 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC) ( http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.

                History
                : 6 April 2023
                : 16 June 2023
                : 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 5, References: 9, Pages: 7
                Funding
                No funding was received for this study.
                Categories
                Case Report

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                lymphoproliferative,t-cell,synovial,sarcoma
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                lymphoproliferative, t-cell, synovial, sarcoma

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