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      Late Holocene dietary and cultural variability on the Xingu River, Amazon Basin: A stable isotopic approach

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          Abstract

          Although once considered a ‘counterfeit paradise’, the Amazon Basin is now a region of increasing interest in discussions of pre-colonial tropical land-use and social complexity. Archaeobotany, archaeozoology, remote sensing and palaeoecology have revealed that, by the Late Holocene, populations in different parts of the Amazon Basin were using various domesticated plants, modifying soils, building earthworks, and even forming ‘Garden Cities’ along the Amazon River and its tributaries. However, there remains a relatively limited understanding as to how diets, environmental management, and social structures varied across this vast area. Here, we apply stable isotope analysis to human remains (n = 4 for collagen, n = 17 for tooth enamel), and associated fauna (n = 61 for collagen, n = 28 for tooth enamel), to directly determine the diets of populations living in the Volta Grande do Rio Xingu, an important region of pre-Columbian cultural interactions, between 390 cal. years BC and 1,675 cal. years AD. Our results highlight an ongoing dietary focus on C 3 plants and wild terrestrial fauna and aquatic resources across sites and time periods, with varying integration of C 4 plants (i.e. maize). We argue that, when compared to other datasets now available from elsewhere in the Amazon Basin, our study highlights the development of regional adaptations to local watercourses and forest types.

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          Most cited references109

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          Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates

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            Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                3 August 2022
                2022
                : 17
                : 8
                : e0271545
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology (formerly the Science of Human History), Jena, Germany
                [2 ] Graduate Program in Anthropology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
                [3 ] Scientia Consultoria Científica, São Paulo, São Paulo—SP, Brazil
                [4 ] Graduate Program in Archeology, Museum of Archaeology and Etnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
                [5 ] The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
                [6 ] isoTROPIC Independent Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology (formerly the Science of Human History), Jena, Germany
                [7 ] School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
                Ghazi University, PAKISTAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                ‡ RK and HPS also contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5529-3494
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-7566
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-2559
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-7548
                Article
                PONE-D-21-38596
                10.1371/journal.pone.0271545
                9348659
                35921285
                36b3ed2a-4c03-4327-a1ed-c5abe9eac9ef
                © 2022 Müller et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 6 December 2021
                : 2 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 3, Pages: 27
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior;
                Award ID: 88881.190306/2018-01
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft;
                Award Recipient :
                This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001", Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior -88881.190306/2018-01. https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br. We would also like to thank the Max Planck Society for funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Social Sciences
                Archaeology
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Nutrition
                Diet
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Nutrition
                Diet
                Social Sciences
                Archaeology
                Archaeological Dating
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Ecology
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Animal Interactions
                Herbivory
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Ecology
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Animal Interactions
                Herbivory
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Animal Interactions
                Herbivory
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Ecology
                Community Ecology
                Trophic Interactions
                Herbivory
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Ecology
                Community Ecology
                Trophic Interactions
                Herbivory
                Social Sciences
                Archaeology
                Archaeological Dating
                Radioactive Carbon Dating
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Chemical Characterization
                Isotope Analysis
                Radioactive Carbon Dating
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Collagens
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Animal Studies
                Experimental Organism Systems
                Model Organisms
                Maize
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Model Organisms
                Maize
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Plants
                Grasses
                Maize
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Animal Studies
                Experimental Organism Systems
                Plant and Algal Models
                Maize
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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