Lateral flow assays

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Abstract

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the technology behind low-cost, simple, rapid and portable detection devices popular in biomedicine, agriculture, food and environmental sciences. This review presents an overview of the principle of the method and the critical components of the assay, focusing on lateral flow immunoassays. This type of assay has recently attracted considerable interest because of its potential to provide instantaneous diagnosis directly to patients. The range and interpretation of results and parameters used for evaluation of the assay will also be discussed. The main advantages and disadvantages of LFAs will be summarized and relevant future improvements to testing devices and strategies will be proposed. Finally, the major recent advances and future diagnostic applications in the LFA field will be explored.

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Most cited references 52

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Multicolored silver nanoparticles for multiplexed disease diagnostics: distinguishing dengue, yellow fever, and Ebola viruses.

Chun-Wan Yen, Helena de Puig, Justina Tam … (2015)

Rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices are needed for field-forward screening of severe acute systemic febrile illnesses. Multiplexed rapid lateral flow diagnostics have the potential to distinguish among multiple pathogens, thereby facilitating diagnosis and improving patient care. Here, we present a platform for multiplexed pathogen detection using multi-colored silver nanoplates. This design requires no external excitation source and permits multiplexed analysis in a single channel, facilitating integration and manufacturing.

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Rapid and sensitive detection of protein biomarker using a portable fluorescence biosensor based on quantum dots and a lateral flow test strip.

Zhiwen Tang, Sheng-Jun Wang, Joel G Pounds … (2010)

A portable fluorescence biosensor with rapid and ultrasensitive response for protein biomarker has been built up with quantum dots and a lateral flow test strip. The superior signal brightness and high photostability of quantum dots are combined with the promising advantages of a lateral flow test strip and result in high sensitivity and selectivity and speed for protein detection. Nitrated ceruloplasmin, a significant biomarker for cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and stress response to smoking, was used as model protein biomarker to demonstrate the good performances of this proposed quantum dot-based lateral flow test strip. Quantitative detection of nitrated ceruloplasmin was realized by recording the fluorescence intensity of quantum dots captured on the test line. Under optimal conditions, this portable fluorescence biosensor displays rapid responses for nitrated ceruloplasmin with the concentration as low as 1 ng/mL. Furthermore, the biosensor was successfully utilized for spiked human plasma sample detection in a wide dynamic range with a detection limit of 8 ng/mL (S/N = 3). The results demonstrate that the quantum dot-based lateral flow test strip is capable of rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of nitrated ceruloplasmin and hold a great promise for point-of-care and in field analysis of other protein biomarkers.

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Enhanced lateral flow immunoassay using gold nanoparticles loaded with enzymes.

Claudio Parolo, Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz, Arben Merkoçi (2013)

The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as labeling carriers in combination with the enzymatic activity of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in order to achieve an improved optical lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) performance is presented here. Briefly in a LFIA with an immune-sandwich format AuNPs are functionalized with a detection antibody already modified with HRP, obtaining an 'enhanced' label. Two different detection strategies have been tested: the first one following just the red color of the AuNPs and the second one using a substrate for the HRP (3 different substrates are evaluated), which produces a darker color that enhances the intensity of the previous red color of the unmodified AuNPs. In such very simple way it is gaining sensitivity (up to 1 order of magnitude) without losing the simplicity of the LFIA format, opening the way to other LFIA applications including their on-demand performance tuning according to the analytical scenario.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Essays Biochem

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Essays Biochem

Journal ID (hwp): ppebio

Journal ID (pmc): BSE

Journal ID (publisher-id): BSE

Title: Essays in Biochemistry

Publisher: Portland Press Limited

ISSN (Print): 0071-1365

ISSN (Electronic): 1744-1358

Publication date (Electronic): 30 June 2016

Publication date (Print): 30 June 2016

Volume: 60

Issue: 1 , Biosensor Technologies for Detection of Biomolecules ( displayID: 1 )

Pages: 111-120

Affiliations

Xeptagen SpA, VEGA Science Park, Via delle Industrie 9, Venice, Italy

Author notes

Correspondence: Andrea Gallotta ( gallotta@ 123456xeptagen.com )

Article

Publisher ID: EBC20150012

DOI: 10.1042/EBC20150012

PMC ID: 4986465

PubMed ID: 27365041

SO-VID: 3694a8d2-33eb-4f9e-be4a-e453e8469d19

History

Page count

Figures: 5, Tables: 1, References: 55, Pages: 10

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