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This critical review provides a processing-structure-property perspective on recent advances in cellulose nanoparticles and composites produced from them. It summarizes cellulose nanoparticles in terms of particle morphology, crystal structure, and properties. Also described are the self-assembly and rheological properties of cellulose nanoparticle suspensions. The methodology of composite processing and resulting properties are fully covered, with an emphasis on neat and high fraction cellulose composites. Additionally, advances in predictive modeling from molecular dynamic simulations of crystalline cellulose to the continuum modeling of composites made with such particles are reviewed (392 references).
As the most important skeletal component in plants, the polysaccharide cellulose is an almost inexhaustible polymeric raw material with fascinating structure and properties. Formed by the repeated connection of D-glucose building blocks, the highly functionalized, linear stiff-chain homopolymer is characterized by its hydrophilicity, chirality, biodegradability, broad chemical modifying capacity, and its formation of versatile semicrystalline fiber morphologies. In view of the considerable increase in interdisciplinary cellulose research and product development over the past decade worldwide, this paper assembles the current knowledge in the structure and chemistry of cellulose, and in the development of innovative cellulose esters and ethers for coatings, films, membranes, building materials, drilling techniques, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuffs. New frontiers, including environmentally friendly cellulose fiber technologies, bacterial cellulose biomaterials, and in-vitro syntheses of cellulose are highlighted together with future aims, strategies, and perspectives of cellulose research and its applications.
[1
]Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970,
São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
[2
]Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Rodovia José Aurélio
Vilela, 11999, BR 267, Km 533, CEP 37715-400, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
[3
]Scientific and Technological Institute of Brazil University, 235 Carolina Fonseca
Street, São Paulo 08230-030, São Paulo, Brazil
[4
]PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University
of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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