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      Mentira terapêutica: a visão do fonoaudiólogo brasileiro sobre uma estratégia de comunicação controversa no atendimento ao paciente com demência Translated title: Therapeutic lying: Brazilian speech and language therapists’ point of view about a controversial communication strategy employed in the care for people with dementia

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi obter a visão do fonoaudiólogo brasileiro a respeito da utilização da mentira terapêutica como estratégia de comunicação no manejo de pacientes com demência. Método Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, transversal, de caráter descritivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada de modo online através de um questionário contendo questões de múltipla escolha e resposta aberta. Resultados Os resultados quantitativos indicaram que a maioria dos fonoaudiólogos já fizeram uso da estratégia e desejam aprender mais sobre, julgando a técnica como relativamente válida, ética e adequada. Os dados qualitativos indicaram os motivos para o uso da técnica, sendo estes: tranquilizar o paciente em situação de agitação; estimular o engajamento na terapia; evitar estresse relacionado à perda de memória; manejar dificuldade ou recusa alimentar; manejar dificuldade ou recusa ao tratamento medicamentoso; evitar que paciente evada o local; manejar situações de delírio, confusão e/ou paranoia; garantir a segurança; e quando outras estratégias não funcionam. Conclusão A maioria dos fonoaudiólogos brasileiros utilizam a mentira terapêutica em sua prática clínica e o fazem levando em consideração o benefício da pessoa com demência, embora reconheçam a falta de conhecimento e preparo acerca do assunto. Consideraram essa estratégia de comunicação relativamente ética, válida e adequada. O artigo chama atenção para a necessidade de formação e de recomendações sobre o uso da mentira terapêutica entre pessoas com demência pelos fonoaudiólogos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Purpose The objective of this research was to obtain the speech and language therapists’ point of view about the use of therapeutic lying as a communication strategy in dementia care. Methods The present research was a quantitative, qualitative, and descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was collected through an online survey with multiple choices and open answer questions. Results The quantitative results indicated that the majority of the speech and language therapists have already used therapeutic lying as a communicative strategy and wish to learn more about it, considering the technique as relatively valid, ethical and adequate. The qualitative results indicated the reasons for the usage of the technique: to reassure the patient in case of agitation; to encourage engagement in therapy; to avoid stress-related to memory loss; to manage difficulty or refusal to eat; to manage difficulty or refusal for drug treatment; to prevent patients from leaving the building; to manage delirium, confusion and/or paranoia; to ensure safety; and for use when other strategies do not work. Conclusion The majority of speech and language therapists use therapeutic lying in their clinical practice, taking into consideration the best interest of the person with dementia, although professionals recognize their lack of knowledge on the subject. They have considered the communication strategy as relatively ethical, valid and adequate. The article calls attention to the necessity of education and guidelines for speech and language therapists in the use of therapeutic lying among people with dementia.

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          Método de análise de conteúdo: ferramenta para a análise de dados qualitativos no campo da saúde

          O método de análise de conteúdo constitui-se em um conjunto de técnicas utilizadas na análise de dados qualitativos. Percebe-se, porém, que existe por parte do pesquisador iniciante ou do não familiarizado com estas técnicas, dificuldades em relação ao entendimento e aplicação do método. Assim sendo, objetivou-se neste trabalho, apresentar de maneira clara, conceitos e aspectos importantes constantes do método de análise de conteúdo e discutir alguns de seus pontos centrais. O método de análise de conteúdo foi sistematizado na primeira metade do século XX e a princípio foi importante ferramenta na busca dos sentidos dos artigos e propagandas da imprensa escrita nos Estados Unidos, sendo hoje um método amplamente utilizado em pesquisas científicas no campo da saúde.
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            Predictors of nursing home admission for persons with dementia.

            The objective of this systematic review was to identify factors that consistently predict nursing home admission (NHA) in persons with dementia. Studies published in English were retrieved by searching the MEDLINE (1966-2006), PSYCINFO (1950-2006), CINAHL (1982-2006), and Digital Dissertations (1950-2006) databases. Bibliographies of retrieved studies were also searched. Information on study characteristics and empirical results were extracted using a standardized protocol. Of 782 relevant studies identified 80 were selected for review based upon eligibility criteria. The most consistent predictors of NHA in persons with dementia included severity of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease diagnosis, basic activity of daily living dependencies, behavioral symptoms, and depression. Caregivers who indicated greater emotional stress, a desire to institutionalize the care recipient, and feelings of being "trapped" in care responsibilities were more likely to admit persons with dementia to nursing homes. Demographic variables, incontinence, and service use did not consistently predict NHA. Several results seemed to challenge conventional assumptions of what precipitates NHA among persons with dementia. Caregiver stressors in conjunction with care recipient characteristics are important to consider when assessing NHA risk. The findings emphasize the need to construct more complex models of institutionalization when designing risk measures to target interventions.
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              Neuropsychiatric symptoms (behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia) and the development of dementia treatments.

              Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are central features of dementia and an important treatment target. They should be assessed in future studies of emerging dementia therapies, using appropriate measures matched to the purpose of each study. Several significant issues remain regarding (1) the classification of these symptoms into syndromes, and (2) the development of better clinical measures for their quantification. In particular, effort should be directed at assessing their evolution over shorter time periods, and at using more objective methods in their measurement, such as actigraphy. These issues can be solved with nosologic study and other advances that could be brought about quickly, if appropriate time and effort are allocated. Empirical characterization of clinically meaningful change in NPS--by examining their relationship with dementia care burden, disability, quality of life, caregiver distress, and resource utilization--would be an important advance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                codas
                CoDAS
                CoDAS
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2317-1782
                2023
                : 35
                : 1
                : e20210252
                Affiliations
                [01] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre orgdiv1Curso de Fonoaudiologia Brazil
                [02] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre orgdiv1Departamento de Fonoaudiologia Brazil
                [03] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação Brazil
                Article
                S2317-17822023000100305 S2317-1782(23)03500100305
                10.1590/2317-1782/20212021252pt
                366e14fb-8f8a-4e95-afed-07a7f6304129

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 October 2021
                : 03 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Barreiras de Comunicação,Decepção,Fonoaudiologia,Comunicação,Demências,Communication Barriers,Deception,Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences,Communication,Dementia

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