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      Producción de substancias inhibitorias entre bacterias de biopelículas en substratos marinos Translated title: Production of inhibitory substances among bacterial biofilms on marine substrates

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          Abstract

          Se estudió la relación antagónica entre bacterias bénticas que conforman biopelículas en diferentes substratos marinos. Se examinó un total de 29 cepas aisladas a partir de la macroalga Lessonia nigrescens y los substratos artificiales utilizados en el asentamiento de larvas de ostión (Argopecten purpuratus) y abalón (Haliotis discus hannai). Además, se realizaron ensayos de antibiosis de los 29 aislados contra una bacteria conocida por producir substancias inhibitorias (Vibrio C33). Los resultados confirmaron la ocurrencia de interacciones antagonistas entre los microorganismos aislados a partir de la microbiota adherida a superficies marinas (20,7%). En ninguna de las 329 pruebas de inhibición, se detectó actividad auto-inhibitoria entre los morfotipos seleccionados. L. nigrescens mostró una población microbiana estable con la dominancia de cuatro cepas, siendo una bacteria del grupo β-Proteobacteria (SL5) susceptible a las substancias inhibitorias producidas en el mismo microhábitat. Actividad inhibitoria entre bacterias aisladas de colectores de ostión fue observada solamente con un Vibrio sp. (7,7%). Al evaluar el efecto de la cepa Vibrio C33 contra los 29 aislados, detectamos un efecto antibacteriano frente al 53,8% de las cepas aisladas de los colectores de ostión. No se observaron efectos inhibitorios en los ensayos realizados con las cepas aisladas de la macroalga y colectores de abalón. El análisis filogenético de las cepas susceptibles al Vibrio C33 mostró que todas las bacterias pertenecen al grupo γ-Proteobacteria. Los resultados indican que la producción de substancias inhibitorias es un fenómeno común entre bacterias aisladas de biopelículas, causando ventajas competitivas sobre otras bacterias y jugando importante rol en el control de funciones en microhábitat epifíticos.

          Translated abstract

          A study was made of antagonistic relations among benthic bacteria that form biofilms in different marine substrates. A total of 29 strains isolated from the seaweed Lessonia nigrescens and artificial substrates used for scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), and abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) larval settlement were examined for antagonistic activity against other bacteria isolated from the same substrates. Antibiosis assays of all isolates were carried out against a bacterium known to produce inhibitory substances (Vibrio C33). The results confirmed the occurrence of antagonistic interactions among microorganisms isolated from microbiota attached to the marine surfaces (20.7%). In the 329 inhibition tests, auto-inhibition activity among the selected morphotypes was not detected. L. nigrescens showed a stable bacterial population made up of four dominant strains, with one strain, a β-Proteobacteria (SL5) susceptible to the inhibitory substances produced in the same microhabitat. Inhibitory activity among the bacteria isolated from scallop collectors was observed only with one Vibrio sp. (7.7%). Evaluating the effect of strain Vibrio C33 against the 29 isolates, we detected a prominent antibacterial effect against 53.8% of the isolates from scallop settlement substrates. Inhibitory effects were not detected in antibiosis assays done on strains isolated from seaweed and abalone collectors. The phylogenetic analysis of the strains susceptible to C33 showed them all to be members of γ-Proteobacteria. Results indicate that production of inhibitory substances is a common phenomenon among bacteria isolated from bacterial biofilms, giving them a competitive advantage over other bacteria and playing an important controlling function in epiphytic microhabitats.

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          Application of a suite of 16S rRNA-specific oligonucleotide probes designed to investigate bacteria of the phylum cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides in the natural environment.

          We designed a panel of four 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes specific for bacteria of the phylum cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides (CFB). Probes CF319a and CF319b are targeted to members of the flavobacteria-cytophaga group and the genus Porphyromonas, whereas probe BAC303 has a target region characteristic for the genera Prevotella and Bacteroides within the bacteroides group. The probe FFE8b was developed for species-specific hybridizations with Flavobacterium ferrugineum. All probes were designed by computer-assisted sequence analysis and compared to all currently accessible 16S and 23S rRNA sequences. The oligonucleotides were further evaluated by whole-cell and non-radioactive dot-blot hybridization against reference strains of the CFB phylum and other major lineages of Bacteria. The newly developed probes were used together with other higher-order probes to analyse the structure and community composition in complex environments. In activated sludge samples, members of the flavobacteria-cytophaga group were revealed by in situ hybridization as important constituents of sludge flocs and characteristic colonizers of filamentous bacteria. By application of fluorescent probe BAC303, members of the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella could be visualized without prior cultivation as an important part of the human faecal microflora.
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            Antagonistic interactions among marine pelagic bacteria.

            Recent studies suggest that bacterial abundance and species diversity in the ocean's water column are variable at the millimeter scale, apparently in response to the small-scale heterogeneity in the distribution of organic matter. We hypothesized that bacterium-bacterium antagonistic interactions may contribute to variations in community structure at the microscale. We examined each of the 86 isolates for their inhibition of growth of the remaining 85 isolates by the Burkholder agar diffusion assay. More than one-half of the isolates expressed antagonistic activity, and this trait was more common with particle-associated bacteria than with free-living bacteria. This was exemplified by members of the alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteria (alpha-proteobacteria), in which production of antagonistic molecules was dominated by attached bacteria. We found that gamma-proteobacteria (members of the orders Alteromonadales and Vibrionales) are the most prolific producers of inhibitory materials and also the most resilient to them, while members of the Bacteriodetes were the organisms that were least productive and most sensitive to antagonistic interactions. Widespread interspecies growth inhibition is consistent with the role of this phenomenon in structuring bacterial communities at the microscale. Furthermore, our results suggest that bacteria from pelagic marine particles may be an underutilized source of novel antibiotics.
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              Phylogenetic Oligodeoxynucleotide Probes for the Major Subclasses of Proteobacteria: Problems and Solutions

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                revbiolmar
                Revista de biología marina y oceanografía
                Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.
                Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (Valparaíso, , Chile )
                0718-1957
                December 2005
                : 40
                : 2
                : 117-125
                Affiliations
                [01] Antofagasta orgnameUniversidad de Antofagasta orgdiv1Departamento de Acuicultura orgdiv2Laboratorio de Microbiología Marina Chile reavendano@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S0718-19572005000200004 S0718-1957(05)04000204
                10.4067/S0718-19572005000200004
                3645b768-0e20-453c-b37c-249915336d0b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : May 2005
                : October 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS

                bacterias marinas,antagonism,marine bacteria,biopelículas,biofilm,antagonismo

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