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      Smooth Moves: Bar and Nightclub Tobacco Promotions That Target Young Adults

      , ,
      American Journal of Public Health
      American Public Health Association

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          Abstract

          This article describes the tobacco industry's use of bars and nightclubs to encourage smoking among young adults. Previously secret tobacco industry marketing documents were analyzed. Tobacco industry bar and nightclub promotions in the 1980s and 1990s included aggressive advertising, tobacco brand--sponsored activities, and distribution of samples. Financial incentives for club owners and staff were used to encourage smoking through peer influence. Increased use of these strategies occurred concurrently with an increase in smoking among persons aged 18 through 24 years. The tobacco industry's bar and nightclub promotions are not yet politically controversial and are not regulated by the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement between the industry and the states. Tobacco control advocates should include young adults in research and advocacy efforts and should design interventions to counter this industry strategy to solidify smoking patterns and recruit young adult smokers.

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          Tobacco industry promotion of cigarettes and adolescent smoking.

          Whether tobacco advertising and promotion increases the likelihood that youths will begin smoking has important public policy implications. To evaluate the association between receptivity to tobacco advertising and promotional activities and progress in the smoking uptake process, defined sequentially as never smokers who would not consider experimenting with smoking, never smokers who would consider experimenting, experimenters (smoked at least once but fewer than 100 cigarettes), or established smokers (smoked at least 100 cigarettes). Prospective cohort study with a 3-year follow-up through November 1996. A total of 1752 adolescent never smokers who were not susceptible to smoking when first interviewed in 1993 in a population-based random-digit dial telephone survey in California were reinterviewed in 1996. Becoming susceptible to smoking or experimenting by 1996. More than half the sample (n=979) named a favorite cigarette advertisement in 1993 and Joe Camel advertisements were the most popular. Less than 5% (n=92) at baseline possessed a promotional item but a further 10%(n=172) were willing to use an item. While having a favorite advertisement in 1993 predicted which adolescents would progress by 1996 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.20), possession or willingness to use a promotional item was even more strongly associated with future progression (OR=2.89; 95% CI, 1.47-5.68). From these data, we estimate that 34% of all experimentation in California between 1993 and 1996 can be attributed to tobacco promotional activities. Nationally, this would be over 700000 adolescents each year. These findings provide the first longitudinal evidence to our knowledge that tobacco promotional activities are causally related to the onset of smoking.
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            Tobacco industry documents: treasure trove or quagmire?

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              Increased Levels of Cigarette Use Among College Students

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                American Journal of Public Health
                Am J Public Health
                American Public Health Association
                0090-0036
                1541-0048
                March 2002
                March 2002
                : 92
                : 3
                : 414-419
                Article
                10.2105/AJPH.92.3.414
                1447091
                11867322
                35e90b9f-e4e0-487f-aebe-f12ae2ef9be9
                © 2002
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