A carbon dot–hemoglobin complex-based biosensor for cholesterol detection

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Abstract

In the present study, a carbon dot/hemoglobin (CD/Hb) complex is used as a bio-receptor in an optical cholesterol biosensor.

Abstract

In the present study, a carbon dot/hemoglobin (CD/Hb) complex is used as a bio-receptor in an optical cholesterol biosensor. This optical sensor detects cholesterol through fluorescence enhancement of CD, which is normally quenched viaπ–π interactions between CD and Hb in the CD/Hb complex. CD is released from the CD/Hb complex because hydrophobic interactions between Hb and cholesterol are more favorable than π–π interactions between CD and Hb. The CD/Hb complex enabled selective detection of cholesterol within a linear range from 0 to 800 μM, with a limit of detection of 56 μM and a response time of ≤5 minutes in human blood plasma. Compared with other cholesterol sensors, a CD/Hb complex-based biosensor is simple, highly sensitive, selective, rapid, eco-friendly, and cost-effective for cholesterol detection in both biological and environmental samples.

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Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments.

Xiaoyou Xu, Robert C. Ray, Yunlong Gu … (2004)

Arc-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes have been purified through preparative electrophoresis in agarose gel and glass bead matrixes. Two major impurities were isolated: fluorescent carbon and short tubular carbon. Analysis of these two classes of impurities was done. The methods described may be readily extended to the separation of other water-soluble nanoparticles. The separated fluorescent carbon and short tubule carbon species promise to be interesting nanomaterials in their own right.

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Luminescent Carbon Nanodots: Emergent Nanolights

Sheila Baker, Gary A Baker (2010)

Similar to its popular older cousins the fullerene, the carbon nanotube, and graphene, the latest form of nanocarbon, the carbon nanodot, is inspiring intensive research efforts in its own right. These surface-passivated carbonaceous quantum dots, so-called C-dots, combine several favorable attributes of traditional semiconductor-based quantum dots (namely, size- and wavelength-dependent luminescence emission, resistance to photobleaching, ease of bioconjugation) without incurring the burden of intrinsic toxicity or elemental scarcity and without the need for stringent, intricate, tedious, costly, or inefficient preparation steps. C-dots can be produced inexpensively and on a large scale (frequently using a one-step pathway and potentially from biomass waste-derived sources) by many approaches, ranging from simple candle burning to in situ dehydration reactions to laser ablation methods. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of C-dots. We also speculate on their future and discuss potential developments for their use in energy conversion/storage, bioimaging, drug delivery, sensors, diagnostics, and composites.