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      Emerging Roles of Ganoderma Lucidum in Anti-Aging

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          Abstract

          Ganoderma lucidum is a white-rot fungus that has been viewed as a traditional Chinese tonic for promoting health and longevity. It has been revealed that several extractions from Ganoderma lucidum, such as Ethanol extract, aqueous extract, mycelia extract, water soluble extract of the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia, Ganodermasides A, B, C, D, and some bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum, including Reishi Polysaccharide Fraction 3, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides I, II, III, IV, Ganoderma lucidum peptide, Ganoderma polysaccharide peptide, total G. lucidum triterpenes and Ganoderic acid C1 could exert lifespan elongation or related activities. Although the use of Ganoderma lucidum as an elixir has been around for thousands of years, studies revealing its effect of lifespan extension are only the tip of the iceberg. Besides which, the kinds of extractions or components being comfrimed to be anti-aging are too few compared with the large amounts of Ganoderma lucidum extractions or constituients being discovered. This review aims to lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum underlying anti-aging effect and its clinical application.

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          Cytokine pathways and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

          E. Choy, G Panayi (2001)
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            Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein oxidation.

            R. Dean, S. Fu, R Stocker … (1997)
            Radical-mediated damage to proteins may be initiated by electron leakage, metal-ion-dependent reactions and autoxidation of lipids and sugars. The consequent protein oxidation is O2-dependent, and involves several propagating radicals, notably alkoxyl radicals. Its products include several categories of reactive species, and a range of stable products whose chemistry is currently being elucidated. Among the reactive products, protein hydroperoxides can generate further radical fluxes on reaction with transition-metal ions; protein-bound reductants (notably dopa) can reduce transition-metal ions and thereby facilitate their reaction with hydroperoxides; and aldehydes may participate in Schiff-base formation and other reactions. Cells can detoxify some of the reactive species, e.g. by reducing protein hydroperoxides to unreactive hydroxides. Oxidized proteins are often functionally inactive and their unfolding is associated with enhanced susceptibility to proteinases. Thus cells can generally remove oxidized proteins by proteolysis. However, certain oxidized proteins are poorly handled by cells, and together with possible alterations in the rate of production of oxidized proteins, this may contribute to the observed accumulation and damaging actions of oxidized proteins during aging and in pathologies such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Protein oxidation may also sometimes play controlling roles in cellular remodelling and cell growth. Proteins are also key targets in defensive cytolysis and in inflammatory self-damage. The possibility of selective protection against protein oxidation (antioxidation) is raised.
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              Ganoderma lucidum and its pharmaceutically active compounds.

              Bojana Boh, Lin Zhi, Jingsong Zhang … (2006)
              Ganoderma lucidum is a wood-degrading basidiomycete with numerous pharmacological effects. Since the mushroom is very rare in nature, artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies has been known on wood logs and on sawdust in plastic bags or bottles. Biotechnological cultivation of G. lucidum mycelia in bioreactors has also been established, both on solid substrates and in liquid media by submerged cultivation of fungal biomass. The most important pharmacologically active constituents of G. lucidum are triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-hypertensive, hypocholesterolemic and anti-histaminic effects, anti-tumor and anti-engiogenic activity, effects on platelet aggregation and complement inhibition. Polysaccharides, especially beta-d-glucans, have been known to possess anti-tumor effects through immunomodulation and anti-angiogenesis. In addition, polysaccharides have a protective effect against free radicals and reduce cell damage caused by mutagens.
              Article 0 comments Cited 120 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Aging Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Aging Dis
                Title: Aging and Disease
                Publisher: JKL International LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 2152-5250
                Publication date Collection: December 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 December 2017
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 691-707
                Affiliations
                [1-ad-8-6-691] 1Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
                [2-ad-8-6-691] 2Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence should be addressed to: Drs. Juan Feng, Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. Email: fengjuan99999@ 123456hotmail.com or Haiping Zhao, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. Email: zhaohaiping@ 123456xwh.ccmu.edu.cn.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ad-8-6-691
                DOI: 10.14336/AD.2017.0410
                PMC ID: 5758346
                PubMed ID: 29344411
                SO-VID: 352336a2-a992-4136-ad4f-f015306d5a73
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2017 Wang et al.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

                History
                Date received : 22 September 2016
                Date revision requested : 10 December 2016
                Date accepted : 10 April 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: ganoderma lucidum,anti-aging,antioxidant,immunomodulation,anti-neurodegeneration
                Data availability:
                Keywords: ganoderma lucidum, anti-aging, antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-neurodegeneration

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