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      Les complications chirurgicales de la transplantation rénale à partir du donneur vivant: expérience du CHU Ibn Sina de Rabat Translated title: Surgical complications of renal transplantation from living donors: experience of the CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          La transplantation rénale (TR) est actuellement considérée comme un traitement de choix de l’insuffisance rénale chronique terminale (IRCT). Ses résultats se sont améliorés au cours des dernières années. Cependant, les complications chirurgicales demeurent graves car elles touchent un rein unique et surviennent sur un terrain fragilisé par l’insuffisance rénale et l’immunosuppression. L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer la fréquence des complications chirurgicales lors de l’activité de TR au CHU Ibn Sina de Rabat, et de dégager les facteurs ayant influé l’apparition de ces complications.

          Méthodes

          Étude rétrospective des patients transplantés rénaux à partir de donneurs vivants apparentés (DVA) de Juin 1999 à Décembre 2008 dans notre centre hospitalo-universitaire. Nous avons recensé les caractéristiques propres au receveur, au prélèvement, au donneur ainsi qu’au greffon. Les complications chirurgicales ont été colligées ainsi que leur prise en charge et évolution.

          Résultats

          Soixante sept dossiers ont été analysés avec un suivi moyen de 55 +/- 28 mois. 38 complications chirurgicales ont été recensées : sténose des artères rénales (38,7%), lymphocèle (21%), hématome (12,7%), thrombose vasculaire (7,8%), reflux ésico-urétéral (4,8%), rupture du greffon (3,2%), calcul (1 cas), éventration (1 cas), L’analyse statistique de notre série n’a pas mis en évidence de facteurs de risque significatifs semblant influer sur l’incidence des complications chirurgicales.

          Conclusion

          La morbidité liée aux complications chirurgicales de la TR reste élevée nécessitant un diagnostic et un traitement adéquat afin d’éviter les répercussions sur la survie des patients et des greffons.

          Most cited references26

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          Immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation.

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            Safety and adequacy of renal transplant protocol biopsies.

            The protocol biopsy strategy has been criticized because of risks and marginal utility. We tested the risk. We performed 1171 protocol biopsies in 508 patients at 6, 12 and 26 weeks after renal transplantation, as well as 499 biopsies as indicated in 429 transplant patients. Biopsies were done as an outpatient procedure using an 18- or 16-gauge automated biopsy needle followed by 4 h bed rest. Complications were: gross hematuria 3.5%, perirenal hematomas 2.5%, arterio-venous fistulas 7.3% and vasovagal reactions 0.5%. Major complications requiring invasive procedures such as blood transfusions or urinary catheter were seen in 1% of cases. The hospitalization rate for observation was 1.9%. According to the Banff criteria of specimen adequacy, biopsies with 18-gauge needles yielded >7 glomeruli and at least one artery in 53% of cases. Changing the needle size in October 2003, those biopsies done with 16-gauge needles yielded >7 glomeruli and at least one artery in 76% of cases, while the rate of major complications did not change. In conclusion, transplant protocol biopsies with 16-gauge needles provide better utility and similar risk as biopsies with 18-gauge needles. A 4-h recovery after biopsy appears adequate for discharge.
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              Transplant renal artery stenosis.

              Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a recognized, potentially curable cause of posttransplant arterial hypertension, allograft dysfunction, and graft loss. It usually occurs 3 mo to 2 yr after transplantation, but early or later presentations are not uncommon. The prevalence ranges widely from 1 to 23% in different series, reflecting the heterogeneous criteria used to establish the diagnosis, the different manner of preservation of the graft, and surgical expertise. Reported cases are progressively increasing in parallel with the use of non-invasive investigation procedures, such as Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, that arouse the suspicion of the disease even in less symptomatic cases. However, definitive diagnosis of hemodynamically significant stenosis rests on the use of invasive angiographic techniques. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is the treatment of choice and restores kidney perfusion in 60 to 90% of cases. The risk of re-stenosis, the major drawback of the procedure, is prevented by the use of expandable endoprostheses. Surgery is indicated for stenoses that cannot be treated by PTA or that recur after it. Doppler ultrasonography is the procedure of choice to evaluate graft perfusion before and after revascularization.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                pamj
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                1937-8688
                2010
                18 September 2010
                : 6
                : 20
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Nephrology- Dialysis-Renal transplantation Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat- Morocco
                Author notes
                [& ]Auteur correspondant: Dr. Intissar Haddiya, 7, bloc E, secteur 21, rue Assoufairaa, Hay Riad, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
                Article
                3120991
                22087350
                350a4e65-4d24-468a-870f-e7a9823c3c22
                Copyright © Intissar Haddiya et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 17 July 2010
                : 18 September 2010
                Categories
                Life Sciences
                Medicine

                Medicine
                complications chirurgicales,lymphocèle,sténose artère,sténose urétérale thrombose vasculaire,transplantation rénale,maroc

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