Patrick Lungu:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-1885
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Evarist Njelesani: Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Thomas Sukwa: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review
& editing
Owen Ngalamika:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-4128
Role: Writing – review & editing
Sody Munsaka: Role: Writing – review & editing
William Kilembe: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draft
Shabir Lakhi: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – original draft
Peter Mwaba: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole:
ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Afsheen Raza: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
13
January
2022
Publication date Collection: 2022
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Electronic Location Identifier: e0262454
Affiliations
[1
]
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka,
Zambia
[2
]
Faculty of Medicine and Directorate of Postgraduate Studies, Lusaka Apex Medical University,
Lusaka, Zambia
[3
]
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka,
Zambia
[4
]
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia,
Lusaka, Zambia
[5
]
Center for Family Health Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Hamad Medical Corporation, QATAR
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-21-28812
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262454
PMC ID: 8758034
PubMed ID: 35025927
SO-VID: 34fbbadc-67ab-494e-9662-7ad6640fa4d9
Copyright © © 2022 Lungu et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
This work was supported through the Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research
Excellence (SANTHE), a DELTAS Africa Initiative [grant # DEL-15-006]. The DELTAS Africa
Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS)’s
Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA) and supported by
the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD
Agency) with funding from the Wellcome Trust [grant # 107752/Z/15/Z] and the UK government.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily
those of AAS, NEPAD Agency, Wellcome Trust or the UK government.
Award ID: [grant # DEL-15-006]
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-1885
Patrick Saili Lungu
This work was supported through the Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research
Excellence (SANTHE), a DELTAS Africa Initiative [grant # DEL-15-006]. The DELTAS Africa
Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS)’s
Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA) and supported by
the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD
Agency) with funding from the Wellcome Trust [grant # 107752/Z/15/Z] and the UK government.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
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Bacterial Diseases
Subject:
Tuberculosis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
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Tropical Diseases
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Tuberculosis
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
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Organisms
Subject:
Bacteria
Subject:
Actinobacteria
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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Physiology
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Immune Physiology
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Cytokines
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Immunology
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Immune System
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Innate Immune System
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Cytokines
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Immunology
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Immune System
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Innate Immune System
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Cytokines
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Developmental Biology
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Molecular Development
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Cytokines
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Oncology
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Cancer Treatment
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Cytokine Therapy
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Immunology
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Immune Response
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Immunology
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Immune Response
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Anatomy
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Body Fluids
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Blood
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Anatomy
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Body Fluids
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Blood
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Physiology
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Body Fluids
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Blood
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Medicine and health sciences
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Medical conditions
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Infectious diseases
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Viral diseases
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HIV infections