Exosomal circRNAs: new players in colorectal cancer

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancer types, characterized by elevated mortality rate and treatment resistance. Despite the progress achieved in the explanation of the molecular basis of the disease as well as introducing potential biomarkers in the clinical practice, further investigation is essential to identify innovative molecules that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel and unexplored RNA type, associated with various human pathological conditions. Recently, circRNAs have been identified to be enriched and stable in exosomes and can exert their functions when exosomes reach neighboring or distant cells. Increasing evidence indicates that these so called exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs) act as signaling molecules to regulate cancer proliferation, metastasis, and sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy. This review aims to discuss the latest progress in exo-circRNAs studies in CRC with an emphasis on their potential as promising diagnostic molecular markers and therapeutic targets.

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Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease

Valentina Cappello, Laura Marchetti, Paola Parlanti … (2016)

Krabbe disease (KD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lack of β- galactosylceramidase enzymatic activity and by widespread accumulation of the cytotoxic galactosyl-sphingosine in neuronal, myelinating and endothelial cells. Despite the wide use of Twitcher mice as experimental model for KD, the ultrastructure of this model is partial and mainly addressing peripheral nerves. More details are requested to elucidate the basis of the motor defects, which are the first to appear during KD onset. Here we use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to focus on the alterations produced by KD in the lower motor system at postnatal day 15 (P15), a nearly asymptomatic stage, and in the juvenile P30 mouse. We find mild effects on motorneuron soma, severe ones on sciatic nerves and very severe effects on nerve terminals and neuromuscular junctions at P30, with peripheral damage being already detectable at P15. Finally, we find that the gastrocnemius muscle undergoes atrophy and structural changes that are independent of denervation at P15. Our data further characterize the ultrastructural analysis of the KD mouse model, and support recent theories of a dying-back mechanism for neuronal degeneration, which is independent of demyelination.

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Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis.

Yan-Yan Li, Qiupeng Zheng, Chunyang Bao … (2015)

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ExoCarta: A Web-Based Compendium of Exosomal Cargo.

Shivakumar Keerthikumar, David Chisanga, Dinuka Ariyaratne … (2016)

Exosomes are membranous vesicles that are released by a variety of cells into the extracellular microenvironment and are implicated in intercellular communication. As exosomes contain RNA, proteins and lipids, there is a significant interest in characterizing the molecular cargo of exosomes. Here, we describe ExoCarta (http://www.exocarta.org), a manually curated Web-based compendium of exosomal proteins, RNAs and lipids. Since its inception, the database has been highly accessed (>54,000 visitors from 135 countries). The current version of ExoCarta hosts 41,860 proteins, >7540 RNA and 1116 lipid molecules from more than 286 exosomal studies annotated with International Society for Extracellular Vesicles minimal experimental requirements for definition of extracellular vesicles. Besides, ExoCarta features dynamic protein-protein interaction networks and biological pathways of exosomal proteins. Users can download most often identified exosomal proteins based on the number of studies. The downloaded files can further be imported directly into FunRich (http://www.funrich.org) tool for additional functional enrichment and interaction network analysis.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Faezeh Vakhshiteh:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-3595

vakhshiteh@ibrc.ir

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancer Cell Int

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancer Cell Int

Title: Cancer Cell International

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1475-2867

Publication date (Electronic): 14 September 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 14 September 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 21

Electronic Location Identifier: 483

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.411705.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, , Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran

[2 ]GRID grid.411705.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), , The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran

[3 ]GRID grid.411705.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran

[4 ]GRID grid.417689.5, Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), , ACECR, ; Tehran, Iran

[5 ]GRID grid.440800.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0382 5622, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, , University of Shahrekord, ; Shahrekord, Iran

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Faezeh Vakhshiteh http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-3595

Article

Publisher ID: 2112

DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02112-6

PMC ID: 8439089

PubMed ID: 34521402

SO-VID: 34c84c2c-6f24-40ae-acf9-083c1e3d253e

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 24 May 2021

Date accepted : 24 July 2021

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

Keywords: exosome,circrna,colorectal cancer

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

Keywords: exosome, circrna, colorectal cancer

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Exosomal circRNAs: new players in colorectal cancer

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Most cited references 47

Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease

Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis.

ExoCarta: A Web-Based Compendium of Exosomal Cargo.

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