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      Aislamiento, selección y caracterización de hongos celulolíticos a partir de muestras de suelo en Manabí-Ecuador Translated title: Isolation, selection and characterization of cellulolytic fungi from soil samples in Manabí-Ecuador

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          Abstract

          La investigación tuvo como objetivo aislar, seleccionar y caracterizar, a partir de muestras de suelo, hongos filamentosos con actividad celulolítica, que tengan aplicación futura como inóculo en el compostaje de residuos orgánicos fibrosos. Se consideraron cinco ambientes de muestreo: agricultura orgánica (AO); agricultura convencional (AQ); bosque artificial (BM); área cañera (RC) y pilas de compost (AC). Para el aislamiento, se realizaron diluciones seriadas y siembra en Agar-Saboroud celulosa. Las colonias crecidas fueron purificadas por agotamiento hasta obtener un cepario de 131 hongos celulolíticos. El criterio de selección fue el crecimiento sobre agar-Saboroud con modificación de la fuente de carbono por Carboximetilcelulosa y su reacción positiva frente a la prueba de rojo congo, en el que se observaron zonas claras alrededor de las colonias en 48 hongos celulolíticos, de los cuales fueron seleccionados los que produjeron el mayor halo (AO-1; AO-2; AO-4; AO-5; AO-6; AO-8; AQ-3; AQ-8 y RC-3) a los que se evaluó el crecimiento a diferentes pH (3, 5, 7, 9) y temperaturas (50 y 70°C). El hongo AO-8 mostró mayor halo de hidrólisis de celulosa con 10,33 mm y estabilidad de crecimiento en los diferentes niveles de pH y temperatura estudiados; por lo cual se determinó su dinámica de crecimiento, encontrando respuesta logarítmica hasta las 96 horas; también se evaluó la actividad amilolítica y pectinolítica registrando11,75 y 2,75 mm, respectivamente. De acuerdo con estos resultados el hongo AO-8 posee potencial para ser usado como inóculo en la elaboración de compost.

          Translated abstract

          The research aimed to isolate, select, and characterize cellulolytic filamentous fungi from soil for future implementation as inoculum in the composting of fibrous organic waste. Five sampling environments were considered: organic agriculture (OA); conventional agriculture (AQ); artificial forest (BM); sugarcane area (RC) and compost piles (AC). For the isolation, serial dilutions were plated onto Agar-Sabouraud cellulose. The grown colonies were purified by depletion until obtaining a strain collection of 131cellulolytic fungi. The selection criterion was the growth on nutrient agar with modification of the carbon source by carboxymethylcellulose, and its positive reaction for red congo test, in which clear zones around colonies were observed on 48 cellulolytic fungi, from which fungi that displayed the highest ratio of halo were selected (AO-1 , AO-2 , AO-4 , AO-5, AO-6 , AO-8, AQ- 3 , AQ-8 and RC-3) growth was evaluated at different pH values (3, 5 , 7, 9 ) and temperature (50 -70°C). The AO-8 showed higher halo fungus cellulose hydrolysis with 10.33 mm of growth and stability at different pH and temperature levels; so their growth dynamics are determined by finding logarithmic response until 96 hours; furthermore amylolytic and pectinolytic capacity was evaluated reflecting 11.75 and 2.75 mm, respectively. According to these results, the AO-8 fungus has potential to be used as inoculum for composting.

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          Most cited references63

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          Active and total microbial communities in forest soil are largely different and highly stratified during decomposition.

          Soils of coniferous forest ecosystems are important for the global carbon cycle, and the identification of active microbial decomposers is essential for understanding organic matter transformation in these ecosystems. By the independent analysis of DNA and RNA, whole communities of bacteria and fungi and its active members were compared in topsoil of a Picea abies forest during a period of organic matter decomposition. Fungi quantitatively dominate the microbial community in the litter horizon, while the organic horizon shows comparable amount of fungal and bacterial biomasses. Active microbial populations obtained by RNA analysis exhibit similar diversity as DNA-derived populations, but significantly differ in the composition of microbial taxa. Several highly active taxa, especially fungal ones, show low abundance or even absence in the DNA pool. Bacteria and especially fungi are often distinctly associated with a particular soil horizon. Fungal communities are less even than bacterial ones and show higher relative abundances of dominant species. While dominant bacterial species are distributed across the studied ecosystem, distribution of dominant fungi is often spatially restricted as they are only recovered at some locations. The sequences of cbhI gene encoding for cellobiohydrolase (exocellulase), an essential enzyme for cellulose decomposition, were compared in soil metagenome and metatranscriptome and assigned to their producers. Litter horizon exhibits higher diversity and higher proportion of expressed sequences than organic horizon. Cellulose decomposition is mediated by highly diverse fungal populations largely distinct between soil horizons. The results indicate that low-abundance species make an important contribution to decomposition processes in soils.
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            Plant Pathology

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              Chemical and biological changes during composting of different organic wastes and assessment of compost maturity.

              Changes in organic C, total N, C:N ratio, activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease, and microbial population were determined during composting of different organic wastes such as mixture of sugarcane trash and cattle dung, press mud, poultry waste and water hyacinth biomass. There were losses of N in poultry waste and water hyacinth with the effect an initial increase in C:N ratio was observed which decreased later on due to decomposition. The activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease were maximum between 30 and 60 days of composting in various wastes. Similar trend was observed with respect to mesophilic bacterial and fungal population. Various quality parameters like C:N ratio, water soluble C (WSC), CO(2) evolution and level of humic substances were compared after 90 day composting. There was statistically significant correlation between C:N ratio and CO(2) evolution, WSC and humic substances. Significant correlation between CO(2) evolved and level of humic substances was also observed. The study shows that no single parameter can be taken as an index of compost maturity. However, C:N ratio and CO(2) evolved from finished compost can be taken as the most reliable indices of compost maturity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                refca
                Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo
                Rev. Fac. Cienc. Agrar., Univ. Nac. Cuyo
                Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Mendoza, , Argentina )
                1853-8665
                1853-8665
                December 2014
                : 46
                : 2
                : 177-189
                Affiliations
                [01] Calceta Manabí orgnameEscuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Féliz López Ecuador
                [02] Manta Manabí orgnameUniversidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Ecuador
                [03] Chone Manabí orgnameUniversidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí orgdiv1Extensión Chone Ecuador
                [04] Matanzas Varadero orgnameUniversidad de Matanzas Camilo Cienfuegos Cuba
                Article
                S1853-86652014000200013
                3464cdd3-dcda-4066-834d-f9069c9f03d9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 October 2014
                : 26 May 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Plasticidad ecológica,Compostaje,Inóculo fúngico,Hongos filamentosos,Ecological plasticity,Composting,Fungal inoculum,Filamentous fung

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