Algunos aspectos ecológicos de la ictiofauna larvífaga presente en Cayo Santa María, Cuba

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Abstract

Se colectaron 1 321 peces pertenecientes a las especies Cyprinodon variegatus, Gambusia punticulata, Fundulus grandis saguanus, Cubanichthys cubensis y Girardinus metallicus, para la localización e identificación de la ictiofauna de interés en el control larval de mosquitos en Cayo Santa María, provincia Villa Clara. Se calcularon los índices ecológicos diversidad (H´) y equitatividad (J´) mediante el programa BIODIVERSITY Pro v2 así como también se realizó el análisis del contenido estomacal de 341 especimenes (25,81 %). La especie más abundante y distribuida en todos los sitios de muestreo fue C. variegatus, seguida por G. puncticulata. El número de ejemplares de estas especies muestran un gradiente diferencial de oeste a este: ascendente para C. variegatus y descendente para G. puncticulata (X² = 150,60***, p< 0,001), a su vez esta última utilizó más equitativamente los recursos (J´= 0,92), al emplear 6 de estos en su alimentación. Estos peces nativos que abundan en reservorios naturales deben ser tenidos en cuenta en planes de control integrado en criaderos de mosquitos, jejenes y tábanos en estas localidades.

Translated abstract

One thousand and three hundred twenty one fish from Cyprinodon variegatus, Gambusia punticulata, Fundulus grandis saguanus, Cubanichthys cubensis y Girardinus metallicus were collected for the purpose of locating and identifying fish of interest in the control of mosquito larvae in Cayo Santa María, Villa Clara province. Ecological indexes such as diversity (H´) and equity (J´) were estimated through a program named BIODIVERSITY Pro v2 and also the contents in the stomach of 341 specimens (25,81%) of the total was analyzed. The most abundant and distributed species in all the sampled sites was C. variegatus followed by G. puncticulata. The number of fish of these species showed a differential gradient going from West to East: upward for C. variegatus and downward for G. puncticulata (X² = 150,60, p< 0,001), being the latter the species that most equitably used the food resources (J´=0,92) since it consumed 6 of them for food. These indigenous fish that are abundant in natural reservoirs should be taken into account for integrated control plans aimed at mosquito, gnat and horsefly breeding sites found in these locations.

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Prey Size Selection by the Mosquitofish: Relation to Optimal Diet Theory

W W Murdoch, James Bence (1986)

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Laboratory and field studies of Macrocyclops albidus (Crustacea: Copepoda) for biological control of mosquitoes in artificial containers in a subtropical environment.

Silvia Suárez, L. Lounibos, Jorge Rey … (2004)

The cyclopoid copepod Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine) was tested as a potential biological control agent of mosquitoes in laboratory microcosms, in controlled field conditions, and in a 22-mo field experiment using discarded tires. The predator was highly efficient in controlling mosquitoes in all three settings, reaching close to 90% reduction in larval survival under field conditions and exceeding the recommended predation rates for effective mosquito control in laboratory experiments. The predator was most effective on 1-4-d-old larvae. Alternate food and habitat structure significantly influenced the predation rates on mosquito larvae. Once established, the copepod was able to maintain reproducing populations in the field for the duration of the experiments. However, the predator failed to establish populations at four of the experimental field sites. Two of the failures can be attributed to characteristics of the individual tires, such as leaching chemicals, whereas the other two were probably due to site-specific factors. This copepod species is a promising candidate for control of mosquito larvae because it is a widespread and highly effective predator that is capable of establishing and maintaining populations under a wide variety of field conditions. Additionally, M. albidus is relatively easy to culture, maintain, and deliver to the target areas.