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      Research trends and performances of breast reconstruction: a bibliometric analysis

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          Abstract

          Background

          The need for postmastectomy breast reconstruction surgery has increased dramatically, and significant progress has been made both in implant and autologous based breast reconstruction in recent decades. In this paper, we performed a bibliometric analysis with the aim of providing an overview of the developments in breast reconstruction research and insight into the research trends.

          Methods

          We searched the Science Citation Index Expanded database and the Web of Science Core Collection for articles published between 1991 to 2018 in the topic domain, using title, abstract, author keywords, and KeyWords Plus. Four citation indicators TCyear, Cyear, C 0 and CPP year were employed to help analyse the identified articles.

          Results

          The number of scientific articles in breast reconstruction in this period steadily increased. It took most articles nearly a decade to hit a plateau in terms of citation counts. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Annals of Plastic Surgery, and Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery published the largest number of articles on breast reconstruction. Nine of the top ten most prolific publications were based in the USA. The research highlights related to breast reconstruction were implant-based breast reconstruction, deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction, and superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap breast reconstruction.

          Conclusions

          This bibliometric analysis yielded data on citation number, publication outputs, categories, journals, institutions, countries, research highlights and tendencies. It helps to picture the panorama of breast reconstruction research, and guide the future research work.

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          Most cited references74

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          Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

          This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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            A paradigm shift in U.S. Breast reconstruction: increasing implant rates.

            Despite its benefits in body image, self-esteem, sexuality, and quality of life, historically fewer than 25 percent of patients undergo immediate breast reconstruction. After passage of the Women Health and Cancer Rights Act, studies failed to demonstrate changes in reconstructive rates. A recent single-year report suggests significant shifts in U.S. breast reconstruction patterns. The authors' goal was to assess long-term trends in rates and types of immediate reconstruction. A serial cross-sectional study of immediate breast reconstruction trends was performed using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 1998 to 2008. Data on mastectomies, reconstructive method (autologous/implant), and sociodemographic/hospital predictors were obtained. Immediate breast reconstruction rates increased on average 5 percent per year, from 20.8 percent to 37.8 percent (p < 0.01). Autologous reconstruction rates were unchanged. Implant use increased by an average of 11 percent per year (p < 0.01), surpassing autologous methods as the leading reconstructive modality after 2002. The strongest predictors of implant use were procedures performed after 2002, bilateral mastectomies, patients operated on in Midwest/West regions, and Medicare recipients. In contrast to bilateral mastectomies, which increased by 17 percent per year (p < 0.01), unilateral mastectomies decreased by 2 percent per year (p < 0.01). Bilateral mastectomy defects had significantly higher reconstruction rates than unilateral counterparts (p < 0.01). The significant rise in immediate reconstruction rates in the United States correlates closely to a 203 percent expansion in implant use. Although the reason for the increase in implant use is multifactorial, changes in mastectomy patterns, such as increased use of bilateral mastectomies, are one important contributor.
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              Bibliometric methods: pitfalls and possibilities.

              Bibliometric studies are increasingly being used for research assessment. Bibliometric indicators are strongly methodology-dependent but for all of them, various types of data normalization are an indispensable requirement. Bibliometric studies have many pitfalls; technical skill, critical sense and a precise knowledge about the examined scientific domain are required to carry out and interpret bibliometric investigations correctly.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ann Transl Med
                Ann Transl Med
                ATM
                Annals of Translational Medicine
                AME Publishing Company
                2305-5839
                2305-5847
                November 2020
                November 2020
                : 8
                : 22
                : 1529
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing, China;
                [2 ]Department of Plastic Surgery, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Denmark;
                [3 ]Department of Plastic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Inova Branch, Falls Church, Virginia, USA;
                [4 ]Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital , Japan;
                [5 ]Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Frankston Hospital , Australia;
                [6 ]Trend Research Centre, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
                Author notes

                Contributions: (I) Conception and design: Y Li, X Long, YS Ho; (II) Administrative support: Y Li, X Wang, X Long, YS Ho; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: Y Li, X Wang, JB Thomsen, X Long, YS Ho; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: Y Li, JB Thomsen, MY Nahabedian, N Ishii, WM Rozen; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: Y Li, X Wang, JB Thomsen, X Long, YS Ho; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

                Correspondence to: Xiao Long. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China. Email: pumclongxiao@ 123456126.com ; Yuh-Shan Ho. Trend Research Centre, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung Country 41354, Taiwan. Email: ysho@ 123456asia.edu.tw .
                Article
                atm-08-22-1529
                10.21037/atm-20-3476
                7729324
                33313274
                341ec5dc-ea25-48c7-a5c3-34336234dfad
                2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

                Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

                History
                : 22 April 2020
                : 29 October 2020
                Categories
                iMDT Corner

                bibliometric citation analysis,science citation index expanded,web of science core collection,y-index

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