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      Morphometric Characterization of Trypanosoma spp. and blood parameters in Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Pisces: Loricariidae) from the Brazilian Amazon

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          Abstract The present study describes Trypanosoma spp. infection and blood parameters in Pterygoplichthys pardalis from the Tapajós River basin in eastern Amazon (Brazil). Of 32 fish examined, 40.6% were infected by Trypanosoma spp., while a total of 112 trypomastigotes were found. Two Trypanosoma morphotypes were characterized and compared with species described in literature infecting other Loricariidae, and a similarity of 94% was found with one species described for another host. The plasma glucose and aspartate aminotransferase levels, hematocrit, number of total erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the infected and uninfected fish were similar, but hemoglobin was lower in fish infected with Trypanosoma spp. Hemoglobin levels declined with the abundance of the hemoparasites, but the condition factor was similar among fish infected and uninfected by Trypanosoma spp. This is the first study on the hemoparasitism by Trypanosoma spp. and blood parameters in P. pardalis.

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          The Length-Weight Relationship and Seasonal Cycle in Gonad Weight and Condition in the Perch (Perca fluviatilis)

          E. D. Le Cren (1951)
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            Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

            Jonathan W. Armbruster (2004)
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              Phylogenetic and morphological characterization of trypanosomes from Brazilian armoured catfishes and leeches reveal high species diversity, mixed infections and a new fish trypanosome species

              Moara Lemos, Bruno Fermino, Cíntia Simas-Rodrigues … (2015)
              Background Several Trypanosoma species transmitted by leeches infect marine and freshwater fish worldwide. To date, all South American fish trypanosome species identified have been based on unreliable morphological parameters. We recently isolated and cultured trypanosomes from the Brazilian armoured catfishes Hypostomus luetkeni and H. affinis. Here, we report the first phylogenetic analyses of South American (Brazilian) trypanosomes isolated from fish, and from leeches removed from these fish. We also analysed morphologically and morphometrically the different forms of fish, leech and cultured trypanosomes. Methods V7V8 SSU rRNA and gGAPDH sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis of Brazilian fish and leech trypanosomes. Trypanosomes from cultures, fish blood and leech samples were also characterized morphologically and morphometrically by light and electron microscopy. Results In blood smears from fish high trypanosome prevalence (90–100 %) and parasitemia (0.9-1.0x102) were observed. Phylogenetic relationships using SSU rRNA and gGAPDH showed that, despite relevant sequence divergence, all Brazilian fish (and derived cultures) and leech trypanosomes clustered together into a single clade. The Brazilian clade clustered with European, North American and African fish trypanosomes. Based on sequence analysis, we uncovered a new species of Brazilian fish trypanosome, Trypanosoma abeli n. sp. Trypanosoma abeli cultures contained pleomorphic epimastigotes, small trypomastigotes and rare sphaeromastigotes. Ultrastructural features of T. abeli included a cytostome-cytopharynx complex in epi- and trypomastigotes, a compact rod-like kinetoplast, lysosome-related organelles (LROs) and multivesicular bodies. Trypanosomes found in fish blood smears and leech samples were highly pleomorphic, in agreement with sequence data suggesting that catfishes and leeches often have mixed trypanosome infections. Conclusions Trypanosoma abeli n. sp. is the first trypanosome from South American fishes isolated in culture, positioned in phylogenetic trees and characterized at the ultrastructural level. Trypanosoma abeli n. sp. is highly prevalent in H. luetkeni and H. affinis armoured catfish from the Atlantic Forest biome, and in other catfish species from the Amazon and the Pantanal. Sequencing data suggested that Brazilian catfish often have mixed trypanosome infections, highlighting the importance of molecular characterization to identify trypanosome species in fishes and leeches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1193-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): aabc
                Title: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
                Abbreviated Title: An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.
                Publisher: Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 0001-3765
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-2690
                Publication date (Print and electronic): 2020
                Volume: 92
                Issue: suppl 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: e20190577
                Affiliations
                [1] Santarém PA orgnameUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará/UFOPA orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas/ICTA Brazil
                [3] Macapá Amapá orgnameEmbrapa Amapá Brazil
                [2] Santarém PA orgnameInstituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas/ICTA orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade(PPGBEES) Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0001-37652020000400725 Publisher ID: S0001-3765(20)09200000725
                DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190577
                PubMed ID: 33084761
                SO-VID: 33b06195-47cd-40d0-85ba-682865d606ea
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date accepted : 16 August 2019
                Date received : 20 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Subject: Biological Sciences

                Keywords: freshwater fish,protozoan,infection,Hemoparasites
                Data availability:
                Keywords: freshwater fish, protozoan, infection, Hemoparasites

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