High-Sensitivity and Extreme Environment-Resistant Sensors Based on PEDOT:PSS@PVA Hydrogel Fibers for Physiological Monitoring

Abstract

The rapid development of flexible electronic devices has caused a boom in researching flexible sensors based on hydrogels, but most of the flexible sensors can only work at room temperature, and they are difficult to adapt to extremely cold or dry environments. Here, the flexible hydrogel fibers (PEDOT:PSS@PVA) with excellent resistance to extreme environments have been prepared by adding glycerin (GL) to the mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly 3,4-dioxyethylene thiophene:polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) because GL molecules can form dynamic hydrogen bonds with an elastic matrix of PVA molecules. It is found that the prepared sensor exhibits very good flexibility and mechanical strength, and the ultimate tensile strength can reach up to 13.76 MPa when the elongation at break is 519.9%. Furthermore, the hydrogel fibers possess excellent water retention performance and low-temperature resistance. After being placed in the atmospheric environment for 1 year, the sensor still shows good flexibility. At a low temperature of -60 °C, the sensor can stably endure 1000 repeated stretches and shrinks (10% elongation). In addition to the response to a large strain, this fiber sensor can also detect extremely small strains as low as 0.01%. It is proved that complex human movements such as knuckle bending, vocalization, pulse, and others can be monitored perfectly by this fiber sensor. The above results mean that the PEDOT:PSS@PVA fiber sensor has great application prospects in physiological monitoring.