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      Data of whole genome sequencing of five garden asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis) individuals with the MinION nanopore sequencer

      data-paper
      a , b , , b
      Data in Brief
      Elsevier
      Asparagus officinalis, Gene cloning, Nanopore sequencing, Whole genome sequencing

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          Abstract

          Garden asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial, dioecious crop. Genomic DNA samples were prepared from five A. officinalis individuals that differ in sex and phenotypes, and sequenced with the MinION nanopore sequencer. The obtained data were 1.5–5 Gb/sample, and the average read length was larger than 1.4 kb for all the samples. The resulting reads were mapped to the existing A. officinalis genome sequence. The existing A. officinalis transcript sequences were mapped to the MinION-derived reads. On the basis of these mapping results, flanking sequences of five partial gene fragments that previously had not been mapped to any region of the existing genome were determined by genomic PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. These sequences enabled to estimate the genomic positions of those five partial gene fragments. The MinION-derived data and the flanking sequences of the five gene fragments were deposited in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) SRA (Sequence Read Archive) database and the NCBI Nucleotide database, respectively.

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          The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome

          Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models have been proposed to explain this transition, some involving male and female sterility mutations linked in a region of suppressed recombination between X and Y (or Z/W, U/V) chromosomes. Comparative and experimental analysis of a reference genome assembly for a double haploid YY male garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) individual implicates separate but linked genes as responsible for sex determination. Dioecy has evolved recently within Asparagus and sex chromosomes are cytogenetically identical with the Y, harboring a megabase segment that is missing from the X. We show that deletion of this entire region results in a male-to-female conversion, whereas loss of a single suppressor of female development drives male-to-hermaphrodite conversion. A single copy anther-specific gene with a male sterile Arabidopsis knockout phenotype is also in the Y-specific region, supporting a two-gene model for sex chromosome evolution.
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            Sex-biased gene expression in dioecious garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis).

            Sex chromosomes have evolved independently in phylogenetically diverse flowering plant lineages. The genes governing sex determination in dioecious species remain unknown, but theory predicts that the linkage of genes influencing male and female function will spur the origin and early evolution of sex chromosomes. For example, in an XY system, the origin of an active Y may be spurred by the linkage of female suppressing and male promoting genes. Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) serves as a model for plant sex chromosome evolution, given that it has recently evolved an XX/XY sex chromosome system. In order to elucidate the molecular basis of gender differences and sex determination, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify differentially expressed genes between female (XX), male (XY) and supermale (YY) individuals. We identified 570 differentially expressed genes, and showed that significantly more genes exhibited male-biased than female-biased expression in garden asparagus. In the context of anther development, we identified genes involved in pollen microspore and tapetum development that were specifically expressed in males and supermales. Comparative analysis of genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays and Oryza sativa anther development pathways shows that anther sterility in females probably occurs through interruption of tapetum development before microspore meiosis.
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              Death of female flower microsporocytes progresses independently of meiosis-like process and can be accelerated by specific transcripts in Asparagus officinalis

              Asparagus officinalis (garden asparagus) is a dioecious perennial crop, and the dioecy (i.e., sex) of A. officinalis can affect its productivity. In A. officinalis, flower anthers in female plants fail to accumulate callose around microsporocytes, fail to complete meiosis, and degenerate due to cell death. Although 13 genes have been implicated in the anther development of male and female flowers, it is unclear how these genes regulate the cell death in female flower anthers. The aim of this study was to narrow down factors involved in this process. TUNEL staining and Feulgen staining of female flower microsporocytes suggest that female microsporocytes enter a previously undetected meiosis-like process, and that the cell death occurs independently of this meiosis-like process, excluding the possibility that the cell death is caused by the cessation of meiosis. RNA sequencing with individual floral organs (tepals, pistils and stamens) revealed that several genes possibly regulating the cell death, such as metacaspase genes and a Bax inhibitor-1 gene, are differentially regulated between female and male flower anthers, and that genes involved in callose accumulation are up-regulated only in male flower anthers. These genes are likely involved in regulating the cell death in female flower anthers in A. officinalis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Data Brief
                Data Brief
                Data in Brief
                Elsevier
                2352-3409
                19 November 2019
                February 2020
                19 November 2019
                : 28
                : 104838
                Affiliations
                [a ]Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan
                [b ]Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan. dtsugama@ 123456anesc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
                Article
                S2352-3409(19)31193-X 104838
                10.1016/j.dib.2019.104838
                6889792
                3363519c-f560-45cc-823d-779825b9e5cd
                © 2019 The Author(s)

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 17 August 2019
                : 11 November 2019
                : 11 November 2019
                Categories
                Agricultural and Biological Science

                asparagus officinalis,gene cloning,nanopore sequencing,whole genome sequencing

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