35
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Children, care, career – a cross-sectional study on the risk of burnout among German hospital physicians at different career stages

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          With the increasing number of female medical students physicians’ need for work-life balanced hospital jobs rises at all career stages. The Working Time Act (Arbeitszeitgesetz, ArbZG), an implementation of the European Working Time Directive into German law in 2004, should have improved the general conditions for creating flexible work. Nevertheless, the vast majority of female physicians still report an incompatibility of work and family. So far, little is known about mothers working on leading positions in the medical field. The presented study focuses on gender differences in the level of emotional exhaustion between child-rearing junior and senior physicians and different predictors of burnout.

          Methods

          Three years after the ArbZT-enactment, 994 physicians from the listed hospital physicians in the Medical Register of the city of Hamburg participated in the cross-sectional study and completed a 60-item questionnaire (return rate of 46,5%). The questionnaire included a 22-item version of the German translation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory whereat emotional exhaustion was interpreted as the crucial predictor of burnout. Results of an univariate covariance analysis and regression analyses are reported.

          Results

          In the level of emotional exhaustion no gender differences were found between junior and senior physicians with children in the overall analysis. Support by the superior was the only overall predictor of burnout. Female senior physicians having children presented the highest risk of burnout. Only in this group parenting contributed significantly to the risk of burnout.

          Conclusions

          Support by the superior and the relationship to colleagues are generally important predictors of burnout among hospital physicians. Parenthood only gets a crucial influence on psychomental health for female senior physicians. Still conservative role models are common in this group, thus dealing with the triple burden of work, leadership responsibility and child rearing seems to be a special female challenge. Innovative approaches of human resource policy need to be implemented to improve the reconciliation of family and working life.

          Abstract (Deutsch)

          Hintergrund

          Mit der zunehmenden Zahl von Medizinstudentinnen wächst in den Krankenhäusern auf allen Karrierestufen auch das Bedürfnis nach Arbeitsstellen, die eine Balance zwischen Beruf und Privatleben ermöglichen. Im Jahr 2004 wurde in Deutschland mit dem Arbeitszeitgesetz (ArbZG) die europäische Arbeitszeitrichtlinie umgesetzt, welche die Arbeitszeitgestaltung flexibilisieren sollte. Doch auch heute empfindet ein Großteil der Ärztinnen, dass Beruf und Familie unvereinbar sind. Bis jetzt ist wenig über jene berufstätigen Mütter bekannt, die als Führungskräfte im medizinischen Bereich arbeiten. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Geschlechtsunterschiede in der wahrgenommenen emotionalen Erschöpfung zwischen Eltern, die als Assistenzärzt(inn)en und Ober- bzw. Chefärzt(inn)en arbeiten, sowie verschiedene Prädiktoren von Burnout.

          Methoden

          Vier Jahre nach Umsetzung des Arbeitszeitgesetzes nahmen 994 Ärzt(inn)en aus dem Ärzteregister der Stadt Hamburg an der Querschnittsstudie teil. Sie füllten einen Fragebogen mit 60 Items aus, was einer Rücklaufquote von 46,5% entspricht.

          Der Fragebogen enthielt eine deutsche Übersetzung des Maslach-Burnout-Inventars mit 22 Items, wobei die emotionale Erschöpfung als der entscheidende Prädiktor für Burnout angesehen wurde. Dargestellt werden die Ergebnisse einer univariaten Kovarianzanalyse und von Regressionsanalysen.

          Ergebnisse

          Bei der emotionalen Erschöpfung ergaben sich in der gruppenübergreifenden Analyse keine Geschlechtsunterschiede zwischen Eltern, die als Assistenzärztinnen und Assistenzärzte oder als Ober- bzw. Chefärztinnen und -ärzte arbeiten. Die wahrgenommene Unterstützung durch die Vorgesetzte bzw. den Vorgesetzten stellte den einzigen gruppenübergreifenden Prädiktor für Burnout dar. Ober- bzw. Chefärztinnen mit Kindern wiesen das höchste Burnoutrisiko auf. Nur in dieser Gruppe nahm der Umstand ihrer Elternschaft signifikanten Einfluss auf das Risiko, ein Burnout zu entwickeln.

          Schlussfolgerungen

          Die wahrgenommene Unterstützung durch die Vorgesetzte bzw. den Vorgesetzten wie auch das Verhältnis zu den Kolleg(inn)en sind bedeutsame Prädiktoren für Burnout bei Krankenhausärzt(inn)en. Ein Kind zu haben, wirkt sich erst in der Gruppe von Frauen mit Vollzeitanstellung und Führungsaufgabe bedeutsam und kritisch auf die psychomentale Gesundheit aus. In der genannten Gruppe dominieren auch heute noch konservative Rollenmodelle. Somit scheint der Umgang mit dieser Belastung in besonderem Maße eine Herausforderung für Frauen zu sein. In der Personalpolitik von Kliniken sind innovative Ansätze gefragt, um die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf zu gewährleisten.

          Related collections

          Most cited references49

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Sources of Conflict between Work and Family Roles

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Resident burnout.

            Intense work demands, limited control, and a high degree of work-home interference abound in residency training programs and should strongly predispose resident physicians to burnout as they do other health care professionals. This article reviews studies in the medical literature that address the level of burnout and associated personal and work factors, health and performance issues, and resources and interventions in residents. MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English-language studies reporting primary data on burnout or dimensions of burnout among residents, published between 1983 and 2004, using combinations of the Medical Subject Heading terms burnout, professional, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, depersonalization and internship and residency, housestaff, intern, resident, or physicians in training and by examining reference lists of retrieved articles for relevant studies. A total of 15 heterogeneous articles on resident burnout were thus identified. The studies suggest that burnout levels are high among residents and may be associated with depression and problematic patient care. However, currently available data are insufficient to identify causal relationships and do not support using demographic or personality characteristics to identify at-risk residents. Moreover, given the heterogeneous nature and limitations of the available studies, as well as the importance of having rigorous data to understand and prevent resident burnout, large, prospective studies are needed.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Burnout in medical residents: a review.

              This study aimed to review current knowledge on burnout in medical residents, including reported prevalence rates, and to establish which risk and resistance factors contribute to or prevent burnout in medical residents. We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature published between 1975 and 2005, using the Medline, EMBASE (from 1989) and PsychINFO databases. A total of 19 studies met our inclusion criteria. Only 5 studies appeared to meet more than 2 of the Cochrane quality criteria. The different studies report widely varying burnout rates among medical residents, ranging from 18% to 82%. Predictors of burnout can be characterised as either occupational or individual. Inconsistent results were reported with regard to the effects of some of these factors on burnout. Four of the 16 occupational risk factors appeared to be strongly related to burnout. The 11 individual risk factors examined were only weakly or moderately related to burnout. Research on burnout among medical residents is scarce. The weak quality of the studies, the wide variety and limited predictive power of the predictor variables included and the inconsistent findings illustrate the need for a more systematic design with regard to future research among medical residents. A future research model should take account of the individual, occupational and training demands experienced by medical residents.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                richter.astrid@gmail.com
                petya.kostova@helios-kliniken.de
                harth@uke.de
                ralf.wegner@bgv.hamburg.de
                Journal
                J Occup Med Toxicol
                J Occup Med Toxicol
                Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology (London, England)
                BioMed Central (London )
                1745-6673
                3 December 2014
                3 December 2014
                2014
                : 9
                : 1
                : 41
                Affiliations
                Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstraße 10, Haus 1, 20459 Hamburg, Germany
                Article
                41
                10.1186/s12995-014-0041-6
                4268795
                25520743
                335ee192-588a-46f6-a1e6-f9d08505825f
                © Richter et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 6 August 2014
                : 18 November 2014
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2014

                Occupational & Environmental medicine
                burnout,gender,hospital physicians,leadership,work-family conflict

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_
                0
                0
                0
                0
                Smart Citations
                0
                0
                0
                0
                Citing PublicationsSupportingMentioningContrasting
                View Citations

                See how this article has been cited at scite.ai

                scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.

                Similar content118

                Cited by8

                Most referenced authors589