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      Canopy replacement used in the evaluation of cupuassu tree genotypes in the state of Pará Translated title: A substituição de copa empregada para avaliação de genótipos de cupuaçuzeiro, no Estado do Pará

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          Abstract

          Abstract This study aimed to use the canopy replacement technique to reduce the field evaluation time and to select promising cupuassu tree clones. The study was carried out under field conditions using fifteen-year-old trees. The crowns were replaced using 16 treatments (clones). The experiment was conducted using randomized blocks design with 18 replicates and one plant per plot, during a period of ten years. The following variables were evaluated: average number of fruits, fruit, seed and pulp production (kg/plant) and symptoms of “witches broom” disease. The data were checked for normality followed by analysis of variance. The results highlighted clones 32, 42, 44, 46, 47, 61, 62, 63 and 64, presenting characteristics such as productivity, tolerance to witches’ broom disease and interesting fruit characteristics. The results demonstrate that the technique was effective in the evaluation of cupuassu tree genotypes, since the clones revealed their potential at early stages after establishment in the field. There was a reduction by at least 30% regarding the time needed to evaluate cupuassu tree genotypes. Five clones (32, 42, 46, 61 and 64) already present the potential to be made available to producers, aimed at replacing the canopy of unproductive trees.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a técnica de substituição de copa para tentar reduzir o tempo de avaliação em campo e selecionar clones promissores de cupuaçuzeiro. Árvores de 15 anos de idade no campo tiveram suas copas substituídas e 16 tratamentos (clones) foram utilizados em um delineamento de blocos casualizados com 18 repetições e uma planta por parcela. O experimento durou 10 anos e foram avaliados o número médio de frutos, produção de frutos, sementes e polpa (kg/planta) e os sintomas da doença “vassoura-de-bruxa”. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade e, posteriormente, à ANOVA. Os resultados destacaram os clones 32, 42, 44, 46, 47, 61, 62, 63 e 64, reunindo, entre eles, indivíduos com características como produtividade, tolerância à vassoura-de-bruxa e características interessantes de frutos. Os desempenhos demonstram que a técnica foi eficaz na avaliação de genótipos de cupuaçuzeiro, uma vez que os clones revelaram seu potencial, desde os primeiros anos de estabelecimento em campo. Isso permitiu reduzir em pelo menos 30% o tempo necessário para avaliar o genótipo do cupuaçuzeiro. Dos nove clones apresentados, cinco clones (32, 42, 46, 61 e 64) já devem estar disponíveis aos produtores para substituir o dossel de árvores improdutivas.

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          Current status of vegetable grafting: Diffusion, grafting techniques, automation

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            Chemical composition and antioxidant/antidiabetic potential of Brazilian native fruits and commercial frozen pulps.

            Foods provide essential and bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic activities, which have been related to vitamins A, C, and E and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify potential sources of bioactive compounds through the determination of flavonoids and ellagic acid contents and the in vitro antioxidant capacity and alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Brazilian native fruits and commercial frozen pulps. Camu-camu, cambuci, uxi, and tucuma and commercial frozen pulps of cambuci, cagaita, coquinho azedo, and araca presented the highest antioxidant capacities. Cambuci and cagaita exhibited the highest alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities. Quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were the main flavonoids present in most of the samples. Ellagic acid was detected only in umbu, camu-camu, cagaita, araca, and cambuci. According to the results, native Brazilian fruits can be considered as excellent sources of bioactive compounds.
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              An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Bot

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbf
                Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura
                Rev. Bras. Frutic.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura (Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil )
                0100-2945
                1806-9967
                2020
                : 42
                : 4
                : e-597
                Affiliations
                [03] Belém PA orgnameEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental unit Brasil raimundo.parente@ 123456embrapa.br
                [01] Belém PA orgnameEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental unit Brasil rafael-moyses.alves@ 123456embrapa.br
                [05] São Paulo SP orgnameInstituto Florestal de São Paulo Brasil alexandresebbenn@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [02] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil saulofabricioagro@ 123456gmail.com
                [04] Belém Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Brazil pedrozaagro@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0100-29452020000401003 S0100-2945(20)04200401003
                10.1590/0100-29452020597
                32e08b28-2a1e-4199-8e13-4d504ac1942c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 February 2020
                : 27 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Propagation

                over grafting,seleção clonal,sobre-enxertia,melhoramento genético,Theobroma grandiflorum,witch broom,vassoura de bruxa,clone selection,genetic breeding

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