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      Determinants of hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on follow-up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa: A case-control study

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Hypertension (HTN) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common problem that increases the risk of mortality and morbidity, and lowers the quality of life. Despite the disproportionately high burden of HTN in DM patients, determinants for the comorbidity have not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of HTN among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on follow-up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.

          Methods and materials

          We conducted a hospital-based unmatched case-control study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital on 386 randomly selected patients with type 2 diabetes on follow-up (200 cases and 186 controls). We collected data by using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and data extraction form. To identify determinants of hypertension, a multivariable binary logistic regression was fitted, and the findings are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

          Results

          The mean reported age (±SD) of the cases and the controls was 60.3 (±9.9) and 55.3 (±11.3) years, respectively. The eight identified independent determinants of hypertension with AOR [95% CI] were obesity: 2.82 [1.43, 5.57], sedentary activity of ≥4hrs/day: 1.75 [1.10, 2.79], higher stress score: 1.05 [1.01, 1.10], serum creatinine above 1.1 mg/dl: 2.35 [1.13, 4.91], age: 1.05 [1.02, 1.08], being government employee as compared to private workers: 2.18 [1.06, 4.50] and family history of hypertension: 2.11 [1.26, 3.54]. Further, interaction of diabetes duration with insulin use: 1.03 [1.01, 1.07] was also a significant predictor of HTN among DM patients.

          Conclusion

          The finding calls for interventions for mitigating these determinants. Further research is needed to examine the interaction between diabetes duration and insulin use.

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          Most cited references52

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          WITHDRAWN: Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition

          To provide global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045.
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            WHO Global report on diabetes: A summary

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                23 August 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 8
                : e0256399
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
                [2 ] School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
                [3 ] School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
                [4 ] School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
                [5 ] Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
                Kurume University School of Medicine, JAPAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-0243
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-0083
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-3841
                Article
                PONE-D-21-08688
                10.1371/journal.pone.0256399
                8382175
                34424924
                325a606f-d972-446a-bb0e-257b33acbfa1
                © 2021 Kotiso et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 10 April 2021
                : 5 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Pages: 16
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009698, Hawassa University;
                Award Recipient :
                Hawassa University ( https://www.hu.edu.et/) funded this study, and Kehabtimer Shiferaw received the award. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Metabolic Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Diabetic Endocrinology
                Insulin
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Hormones
                Insulin
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Vascular Medicine
                Blood Pressure
                Hypertension
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Type 2 Diabetes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Metabolic Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Type 2 Diabetes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Cardiovascular Diseases
                Cardiovascular Disease Risk
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Cardiology
                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Cardiovascular Diseases
                Cardiovascular Disease Risk
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Sedentary Behavior
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Sedentary Behavior
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Biomarkers
                Creatinine
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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