Nitrogen removal by a metal‐resistant bacterium, <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> ZN1, capable of heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Bacteria capable of heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification have received increasing attention, and can achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes to accelerate nitrogen removal rate. However, heavy metals in industrial wastewater seriously affect the nitrogen removal by these bacteria. Thus, this work focused on the nitrogen removal ability of a metal‐resistant bacterium Pseudomonas putida ZN1.

RESULTS

ZN1 effectively removed ammonium, nitrate and nitrite with maximum removal efficiencies of 97.47%, 86.08% and 71.57%, and it also preferred to utilize ammonium during the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. The inhibitory effect of heavy metals on ammonium removal decreased in the order Ni ²⁺ > Cr ⁶⁺ > Zn ²⁺ > Cu ²⁺, and copB‐I was responsible for the higher copper tolerance of ZN1. The nitrogen removal pathway of ZN1 was proposed to be heterotrophic nitrification combined with aerobic denitrification through the nitrogen source utilization, gas detection, enzyme assay and gene amplification.

CONCLUSION

ZN1 exhibited excellent heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification capacity, and it effectively removed ammonium from wastewater containing the heavy metals Cu ²⁺, Zn ²⁺, Cr ⁶⁺ and Ni ²⁺. All results make strain ZN1 a promising candidate for future application in treating actual wastewater. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

Related collections

Most cited references 42

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment.

Julio A. Camargo, Alvaro Alonso (2006)

We provide a global assessment, with detailed multi-scale data, of the ecological and toxicological effects generated by inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Our synthesis of the published scientific literature shows three major environmental problems: (1) it can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in freshwater ecosystems without much acid-neutralizing capacity, resulting in acidification of those systems; (2) it can stimulate or enhance the development, maintenance and proliferation of primary producers, resulting in eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems; (3) it can reach toxic levels that impair the ability of aquatic animals to survive, grow and reproduce. Inorganic nitrogen pollution of ground and surface waters can also induce adverse effects on human health and economy. Because reductions in SO2 emissions have reduced the atmospheric deposition of H2SO4 across large portions of North America and Europe, while emissions of NOx have gone unchecked, HNO3 is now playing an increasing role in the acidification of freshwater ecosystems. This acidification process has caused several adverse effects on primary and secondary producers, with significant biotic impoverishments, particularly concerning invertebrates and fishes, in many atmospherically acidified lakes and streams. The cultural eutrophication of freshwater, estuarine, and coastal marine ecosystems can cause ecological and toxicological effects that are either directly or indirectly related to the proliferation of primary producers. Extensive kills of both invertebrates and fishes are probably the most dramatic manifestation of hypoxia (or anoxia) in eutrophic and hypereutrophic aquatic ecosystems with low water turnover rates. The decline in dissolved oxygen concentrations can also promote the formation of reduced compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide, resulting in higher adverse (toxic) effects on aquatic animals. Additionally, the occurrence of toxic algae can significantly contribute to the extensive kills of aquatic animals. Cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and diatoms appear to be major responsible that may be stimulated by inorganic nitrogen pollution. Among the different inorganic nitrogenous compounds (NH4+, NH3, NO2-, HNO2NO3-) that aquatic animals can take up directly from the ambient water, unionized ammonia is the most toxic, while ammonium and nitrate ions are the least toxic. In general, seawater animals seem to be more tolerant to the toxicity of inorganic nitrogenous compounds than freshwater animals, probably because of the ameliorating effect of water salinity (sodium, chloride, calcium and other ions) on the tolerance of aquatic animals. Ingested nitrites and nitrates from polluted drinking waters can induce methemoglobinemia in humans, particularly in young infants, by blocking the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. Ingested nitrites and nitrates also have a potential role in developing cancers of the digestive tract through their contribution to the formation of nitrosamines. In addition, some scientific evidences suggest that ingested nitrites and nitrates might result in mutagenicity, teratogenicity and birth defects, contribute to the risks of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and bladder and ovarian cancers, play a role in the etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in the development of thyroid hypertrophy, or cause spontaneous abortions and respiratory tract infections. Indirect health hazards can occur as a consequence of algal toxins, causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, hepatoenteritis, muscular cramps, and several poisoning syndromes (paralytic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning). Other indirect health hazards can also come from the potential relationship between inorganic nitrogen pollution and human infectious diseases (malaria, cholera). Human sickness and death, extensive kills of aquatic animals, and other negative effects, can have elevated costs on human economy, with the recreation and tourism industry suffering the most important economic impacts, at least locally. It is concluded that levels of total nitrogen lower than 0.5-1.0 mg TN/L could prevent aquatic ecosystems (excluding those ecosystems with naturally high N levels) from developing acidification and eutrophication, at least by inorganic nitrogen pollution. Those relatively low TN levels could also protect aquatic animals against the toxicity of inorganic nitrogenous compounds since, in the absence of eutrophication, surface waters usually present relatively high concentrations of dissolved oxygen, most inorganic reactive nitrogen being in the form of nitrate. Additionally, human health and economy would be safer from the adverse effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution.

0 comments Cited 332 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Microbial functional genes involved in nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification in forest ecosystems

Susan J Grayston, David J. Levy-Booth, Cindy E Prescott (2014)

0 comments Cited 161 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Microbial nitrate respiration--genes, enzymes and environmental distribution.

Beate Kraft, Halina E. Tegetmeyer, Marc Strous (2011)

Nitrate is a key node in the network of the assimilatory and respiratory nitrogen pathways. As one of the 'fixed' forms of nitrogen, nitrate plays an essential role in both nature and industry. For bacteria, it is both a nitrogen source and an electron acceptor. In agriculture and wastewater treatment, nitrate respiration by microorganisms is an important issue with respect to economics, greenhouse gas emission and public health. Several microbial processes compete for nitrate: denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. In this review we provide an up to date overview of the organisms, genes and enzymes involved in nitrate respiration. We also address the molecular detection of these processes in nature. We show that despite rapid progress in the experimental and genomic analyses of pure cultures, knowledge on the mechanism of nitrate reduction in natural ecosystems is still largely lacking. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

0 comments Cited 110 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Ying Wang: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Title: Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology

Abbreviated Title: J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN (Print): 0268-2575

ISSN (Electronic): 1097-4660

Publication date Created: April 2019

Publication date (Electronic): December 09 2018

Publication date (Print): April 2019

Volume: 94

Issue: 4

Pages: 1165-1175

Affiliations

[1 ] Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China

[2 ] College of Environmental Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China

Article

DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5863

SO-VID: 3237ace1-8483-41c9-ad45-9629d1525fe0

License:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

History

Data availability:

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Smart Citations

Citing PublicationsSupportingMentioningContrasting

View Citations

See how this article has been cited at scite.ai

scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.