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      Aportes a la historia de vida y muerte de un infante en el Formativo Superior (400 -1000 D.C.) en Quebrada del Toro, Salta Translated title: Contributions to child’s life history and death during the Late Formative Period (400 - 1000 AD) in Quebrada del Toro, Salta

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          Abstract

          Resumen Este trabajo presenta información sobre la historia de vida y muerte de un individuo infantil recuperado en un contexto de inhumación en Quebrada del Toro (Salta), asignable cronológicamente al Período Formativo Superior. Se analizan variables culturales como el tipo de estructura de inhumación, disposición en el espacio y acompañamiento. Se realiza un análisis bioantropológico de los restos esqueléticos y dentarios con el propósito de reconstruir el perfil biológico individual, evaluar el crecimiento y estado general de salud y registrar e interpretar condiciones patológicas. Asimismo, se estudian modificaciones del cuerpo en vida y tratamiento post mortem. El individuo B falleció alrededor de los 13 meses postnatales y en su esqueleto y dentición se encontraron defectos en la mineralización del esmalte, lesiones porosas y formación de hueso nuevo en cráneo y postcráneo. Estas lesiones se interpretaron como producto de enfermedades metabólicas causadas por deficiencias nutricionales, particularmente escorbuto. Estos resultados son discutidos en el marco de información disponible para el sitio y período considerados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This work presents information on the life history and death of a child recovered in a burial context in Quebrada del Toro (Salta), chronologically assignable to the Late Formative Period. Cultural variables such as the type of burial structure, spatial arrangement and burial goods are analyzed. Bioanthropological analysis of skeletal and dental remains is carried out in order to reconstruct the individual biological profile, assess growth and general state of health, and record and interpret pathological conditions. Modifications of the body during life and post-mortem treatment are also analyzed. Individual B died around 13 postnatal months and defects in the mineralization of the enamel, porous lesions and new bone formation observed in the skull and postcranium. These injuries are interpreted as a product of metabolic diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies, particularly scurvy. These results are discussed considering information available for the site and temporal period of the burial.

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          Brief communication: The London atlas of human tooth development and eruption.

          The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive evidence-based atlas to estimate age using both tooth development and alveolar eruption for human individuals between 28 weeks in utero and 23 years. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study of archived material with the sample aged 2 years and older having a uniform age and sex distribution. Developing teeth from 72 prenatal and 104 postnatal skeletal remains of known age-at-death were examined from collections held at the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the Natural History Museum, London, UK (M 91, F 72, unknown sex 13). Data were also collected from dental radiographs of living individuals (M 264, F 264). Median stage for tooth development and eruption for all age categories was used to construct the atlas. Tooth development was determined according to Moorrees et al. (J Dent Res 42 (1963a) 490-502; Am J Phys Anthropol 21 (1963b) 205-213) and eruption was assessed relative to the alveolar bone level. Intraexaminer reproducibility calculated using Kappa on 150 teeth was 0.90 for 15 skeletal remains of age <2 years, and 0.81 from 605 teeth (50 radiographs). Age categories were monthly in the last trimester, 2 weeks perinatally, 3-month intervals during the first year, and at every year thereafter. Results show that tooth formation is least variable in infancy and most variable after the age of 16 years for the development of the third molar. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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            Saltation and stasis: a model of human growth.

            Human growth has been viewed as a continuous process characterized by changing velocity with age. Serial length measurements of normal infants were assessed weekly (n = 10), semiweekly (n = 18), and daily (n = 3) (19 females and 12 males) during their first 21 months. Data show that growth in length occurs by discontinuous, aperiodic saltatory spurts. These bursts were 0.5 to 2.5 centimeters in amplitude during intervals separated by no measurable growth (2 to 63 days duration). These data suggest that 90 to 95 percent of normal development during infancy is growth-free and length accretion is a distinctly saltatory process of incremental bursts punctuating background stasis.
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              Part Two: The role of constitutional factors, diet, and infectious disease in the etiology of porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions in prehistoric infants and children.

              Abstract A model of analysis incorporating methodological improvements and epidemiological refinements has been employed to investigate the etiology of porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions in infants and children from the Libben Site, a Late Woodland ossuary and occupation site from Ottawa County, Ohio. Results of the age-specific intrapopulational analysis of porotic hyperostosis demonstrate that the skeletal lesion strongly fits the age-specific distribution of hypochromic microcytic iron-deficiency anemia in infants and children. The data indicate that the lesion is a response to nutritional stress. Similarly, our findings show that the age-specific distribution of periosteal reactions strongly coincides with, and appears to be a response to, infectious disease as it occurs in infants and children. More importantly, survivorship and growth data indicate that porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions are strongly associated with patterns of infant and child morbidity and mortality, and therefore appear to play an important role in selection and fitness at Libben. Based upon the age-specific patterns and associations observed for porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions in the Libben infants and children, it is suggested that: 1. the current methodological procedure of partitioning skeletal populations into broad age categories can significantly distort important age-specific pathophysiological relationships; 2. skeletal lesions should be classified according to their physical quality (i.e., remodeled and unremodeled) to provide an estimate of both the morbidity and mortality associated with the age-specific distribution of a particular skeletal lesion; 3. porotic hyperostosis may be a valuable indicator of nutritional stress which can be employed to evaluate the nutritional status of prehistoric human populations; 4. the pathogenesis of porotic hyperostosis can best be understood in terms of the synergistic interactions between constitutional factors, diet, and infectious disease.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                remua
                Revista del Museo de Antropología
                Rev. Mus. Antropol.
                Museo de Antropología; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Córdoba, , Argentina )
                1852-060X
                1852-4826
                December 2020
                : 13
                : 3
                : 07-22
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameCONICET; División Arqueología, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina eugeniadefeo@ 123456yahoo.com.ar
                [2] orgnameCONICET, Cátedra de Citología, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina rgarciamancuso@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] orgnameCátedra de Citología, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. petroneselene@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1852-48262020000300018 S1852-4826(20)01300300018
                10.31048/1852.4826.v13.n3.27948
                3198be16-ef0c-49ee-b872-d7a5538eff79

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 March 2020
                : 13 July 2020
                : 21 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 87, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Dossier

                Formativo,Contexto,Infante,Osteobiografía,Formative Period,Context,Childhood,Osteobiography

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