Detection of Bartonella tamiae, Coxiella burnetii and rickettsiae in arthropods and tissues from wild and domestic animals in northeastern Algeria

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Abstract

Background

In recent years, the scope and importance of emergent vector-borne diseases has increased dramatically. In Algeria, only limited information is currently available concerning the presence and prevalence of these zoonotic diseases. For this reason, we conducted a survey of hematophagous ectoparasites of domestic mammals and/or spleens of wild animals in El Tarf and Souk Ahras, Algeria.

Methods

Using real-time PCR, standard PCR and sequencing, the presence of Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp. and Coxiella burnetii was evaluated in 268/1626 ticks, 136 fleas, 11 Nycteribiidae flies and 16 spleens of domestic and/or wild animals from the El Tarf and Souk Ahras areas.

Results

For the first time in Algeria, Bartonella tamiae was detected in 12/19 (63.2 %) Ixodes vespertilionis ticks, 8/11 (72.7 %) Nycteribiidae spp. flies and in 6/10 (60 %) bat spleens ( Chiroptera spp.). DNA from Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, was also identified in 3/19 (15.8 %) I. vespertilionis from bats. Rickettsia slovaca, the agent of tick-borne lymphadenopathy, was detected in 1/1 (100 %) Haemaphysalis punctata and 2/3 (66.7 %) Dermacentor marginatus ticks collected from two boars ( Sus scrofa algira) respectively. Ri. massiliae, an agent of spotted fever, was detected in 38/94 (40.4 %) Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato collected from cattle, sheep, dogs, boars and jackals. DNA of Ri. aeschlimannii was detected in 6/20 (30 %) Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum and 6/20 (30 %) Hy. scupense from cattle. Finally, Ri. felis, an emerging rickettsial pathogen, was detected in 80/110 (72.7 %) Archaeopsylla erinacei and 2/2 (100 %) Ctenocephalides felis of hedgehogs ( Atelerix algirus).

Conclusion

In this study, we expanded knowledge about the repertoire of ticks and flea-borne bacteria present in ectoparasites and/or tissues of domestic and wild animals in Algeria.

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Most cited references 56

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Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat.

P. Parola, D Raoult (2001)

Ticks are currently considered to be second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human infectious diseases in the world. Each tick species has preferred environmental conditions and biotopes that determine the geographic distribution of the ticks and, consequently, the risk areas for tickborne diseases. This is particularly the case when ticks are vectors and reservoirs of the pathogens. Since the identification of Borrelia burgdorferi as the agent of Lyme disease in 1982, 15 ixodid-borne bacterial pathogens have been described throughout the world, including 8 rickettsiae, 3 ehrlichiae, and 4 species of the Borrelia burgdorferi complex. This article reviews and illustrate various aspects of the biology of ticks and the tickborne bacterial diseases (rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, Lyme disease, relapsing fever borrelioses, tularemia, Q fever), particularly those regarded as emerging diseases. Methods are described for the detection and isolation of bacteria from ticks and advice is given on how tick bites may be prevented and how clinicians should deal with patients who have been bitten by ticks.

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Fleas and flea-borne diseases.

Idir Bitam, Katharina Dittmar, Philippe Parola … (2010)

Flea-borne infections are emerging or re-emerging throughout the world, and their incidence is on the rise. Furthermore, their distribution and that of their vectors is shifting and expanding. This publication reviews general flea biology and the distribution of the flea-borne diseases of public health importance throughout the world, their principal flea vectors, and the extent of their public health burden. Such an overall review is necessary to understand the importance of this group of infections and the resources that must be allocated to their control by public health authorities to ensure their timely diagnosis and treatment.

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Intruders below the radar: molecular pathogenesis of Bartonella spp.

A. Harms, C Dehio (2012)

Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that employ a unique stealth infection strategy comprising immune evasion and modulation, intimate interaction with nucleated cells, and intraerythrocytic persistence. Infections with Bartonella are ubiquitous among mammals, and many species can infect humans either as their natural host or incidentally as zoonotic pathogens. Upon inoculation into a naive host, the bartonellae first colonize a primary niche that is widely accepted to involve the manipulation of nucleated host cells, e.g., in the microvasculature. Consistently, in vitro research showed that Bartonella harbors an ample arsenal of virulence factors to modulate the response of such cells, gain entrance, and establish an intracellular niche. Subsequently, the bacteria are seeded into the bloodstream where they invade erythrocytes and give rise to a typically asymptomatic intraerythrocytic bacteremia. While this course of infection is characteristic for natural hosts, zoonotic infections or the infection of immunocompromised patients may alter the path of Bartonella and result in considerable morbidity. In this review we compile current knowledge on the molecular processes underlying both the infection strategy and pathogenesis of Bartonella and discuss their connection to the clinical presentation of human patients, which ranges from minor complaints to life-threatening disease.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Hamza Leulmi: drleulmihamza@gmail.com

Atef Aouadi: draouadiatef@gmail.com

Idir Bitam: idirbitam@gmail.com

Amina Bessas: bsamina@outlook.com

Ahmed Benakhla: benakhlaahmed@gmail.com

Didier Raoult: didier.raoult@gmail.com

Philippe Parola: 33(0)491324375 , 33(0)491324375 , philippe.parola@univ-amu.fr

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Parasit Vectors

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Parasit Vectors

Title: Parasites & Vectors

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1756-3305

Publication date (Electronic): 20 January 2016

Publication date PMC-release: 20 January 2016

Publication date Collection: 2016

Volume: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 27

Affiliations

[ ]Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar), Inserm 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, Cedex 5 France

[ ]Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d’Alger. El Aliya Alger, Algiers, 16000 Algeria

[ ]Département des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Cherif Messaadia, Souk Ahras, 41000 Algeria

[ ]Département des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Chadli Bendjdid, El Tarf, 36000 Algeria

[ ]Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Environnement: Interaction, Génome, Université de Bab Ezzouar, Bab Ezzouar, 16000 Algeria

Article

Publisher ID: 1316

DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1316-9

PMC ID: 4721140

PubMed ID: 26791781

SO-VID: 313c240f-06e3-4642-858f-c26a2b917be0

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 25 June 2015

Date accepted : 15 January 2016

Funding

Funded by: A*MIDEX

Award ID: project (n° ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the French Government’s “Investissements d’Avenir” program, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR).

Award Recipient : Philippe Parola

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology

Keywords: bartonella tamiae,rickettsia,coxiella burnetii,ticks,fleas,algeria

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology

Keywords: bartonella tamiae, rickettsia, coxiella burnetii, ticks, fleas, algeria

Detection of Bartonella tamiae, Coxiella burnetii and rickettsiae in arthropods and tissues from wild and domestic animals in northeastern Algeria

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens

Most cited references 56

Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat.

Fleas and flea-borne diseases.

Intruders below the radar: molecular pathogenesis of Bartonella spp.

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