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      A estranha carreira do imigrante ilegal: restrições à imigração e política de deportação nos Estados Unidos, 1921-1965 Translated title: The strange career of the illegal alien: immigration restriction and deportation policy in the United States, 1921-1965 Translated title: L'étrange carrière de l'immigrant illégal: restrictions à l'immigration et politique de déportation aux Etats-Unis, 1921-1965

      research-article
      Tempo
      EdUFF - Editora da UFF
      Immigration, Déportation, Frontière, Imigração, Deportação, Fronteira, Immigration, Deportation, Border

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          Abstract

          A lei Johnson-Reed de Imigração, de 1924, estabeleceu, pela primeira vez, restrições numéricas, tornando a imigração ilegal um problema central na aplicação da legislação sobre imigração nos Estados Unidos. Este artigo examina o advento da imigração ilegal como um fenômeno de massa e o desenvolvimento de políticas legais e administrativas voltadas para identificação, prisão e deportação de estrangeiros, bem como as reformas que habilitaram alguns estrangeiros ilegais a legalizarem sua situação. Ele examina a situação dos imigrantes ilegais provenientes da Europa e do México e como as políticas em relação a cada grupo divergiam, produzindo conseqüências distintas no curto e longo prazo em termos do estatuto racial, da condição diante da lei e da legitimidade social de cada um. O artigo defende que essas trajetórias racializadas não resultaram inteiramente do racismo existente, mas foram geradas pelas distinções administrativas e legais entre os estrangeiros criminosos e os que cruzavam a fronteira de forma clandestina que, de modo seletivo, produziram e reverteram (?) a condição de estrangeiros ilegais (?).

          Translated abstract

          The United States Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 established numerical restrictions for the first time, which made illegal immigration the central problem of U.S. immigration-law enforcement. This article examines the advent of illegal immigration as a mass phenomenon and the development of administrative-law policies to identify, apprehend, and deport illegal aliens, as well as reforms that enabled some illegal aliens to legalize their status. It examines illegal immigrants from Europe and Mexico and how policies towards each group diverged, creating different short and long-term consequences for their respective racial status, legal standing, and social legitimacy. The article argues that these racialized trajectories did not result entirely from existing racism but were in the main generated by administrative-legal distinctions between criminal aliens and unlawful-border crossers that selectively made and unmade (?) illegal aliens (?).

          Translated abstract

          La loi Johnson-Reed d'immigration, de 1924, a établi pour la première fois des restrictions numériques, en transformant de ce fait l'immigration illégale en un problème central en ce qui touche l'application de la législation sur l'immigration aux Etats-Unis. Cet article examine l'avènement de l'immigration illégale en tant que phénomène de masse, et le développement de politiques légales et administratives tournées vers l'identification, la prison et la déportation d'étrangers, de même que les réformes qui ont rendu possible que quelques étrangers illégaux puissent légaliser leur situation. Il examine le cas des immigrants illégaux provenant d'Europe et du Mexique, et la façon dont les politiques divergeaient par rapport à chaque groupe, en produisant ainsi des conséquences distinctes à court et à long-terme par rapport au statut racial, à la condition face à la loi et à la légitimité sociale de chacun d'eux. L'article soutient que ces trajectoires "racialisées" n'ont pas été entièrement le résultat du racisme existant, mais ont été plutôt engendrées par les distinctions administratives et légales entre les étrangers criminels et ceux qui croisaient la frontière de façon clandestine, lesquelles, de façon sélective, ont produit et ont renversé (?) la condition d'étrangers illégaux (?).

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              The origins of totalitarianism

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tem
                Tempo
                Tempo
                EdUFF - Editora da UFF (Niterói, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-7704
                1980-542X
                2008
                : 13
                : 25
                : 5-36
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameColumbia University mn53@ 123456columbia.edu
                Article
                S1413-77042008000200002 S1413-7704(08)01302502
                30d63a68-9b71-4b5a-b4b3-722fb1aea6c1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : May 2008
                : March 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 105, Pages: 32
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Dossiê

                Déportation,Fronteira,Immigration,Deportation,Border,Frontière,Imigração,Deportação

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