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      Morphological study of the cattle ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting on sheep in Alnnajaf province-Iraq

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      Journal: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
      Publisher: IOP Publishing

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          Abstract

          Present study was conducted during period (March to September 2018) on the cattle ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) that infested on sheep goat ears in Alnnajaf Province. Two species of hard ticks were identified Boophilus annulatusand Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the species B. annulatuswas most predominant than the species R. sanguineusat percentages (92.14, 7.85) % respectively. Of these ticks, 105 were female, 38 were males, 124 and 144 were nymph females and males respectively and there were not larva observed. The monthly samples of hard tick B. annulatusrevealed that higher monthly samples during September, but lower monthly samples during June and July. Results of Scanner Electron Microscope analyses showed more distinguished fine characters of B. annulatusthat differentiated from R. sanguineus, however both species were lived together on sheep and goat.

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          Pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), east of the Mississippi River.

          J. Keirans, T Litwak (1989)
          Six genera and 27 species of hard ticks (Ixodidae) currently are recognized in the United States east of the Mississippi River as follows: Amblyomma (4 species), Boophilus (1), Dermacentor (3), Haemaphysalis (2), Ixodes (16), and Rhipicephalus (1). We present a diagrammatic couplet key to the adults of the six genera and 27 species of Ixodidae found in the eastern portion of the United States.
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            Tick-borne infections of animals and humans: a common ground.

            Gad Baneth (2014)
            A wide variety of pathogens is transmitted from ticks to vertebrates including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths, of which most have a life cycle that requires passage through the vertebrate host. Tick-borne infections of humans, farm and companion animals are essentially associated with wildlife animal reservoirs. While some flying insect-borne diseases of humans such as malaria, filariasis and Kala Azar caused by Leishmania donovani target people as their main host, major tick-borne infections of humans, although potentially causing disease in large numbers of individuals, are typically an infringement of a circulation between wildlife animal reservoirs and tick vectors. While new tick-borne infectious agents are frequently recognised, emerging agents of human tick-borne infections were probably circulating among wildlife animal and tick populations long before being recognised as clinical causes of human disease as has been shown for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Co-infection with more than one tick-borne infection is common and can enhance pathogenic processes and augment disease severity as found in B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum co-infection. The role of wild animal reservoirs in co-infection of human hosts appears to be central, further linking human and animal tick-borne infections. Although transmission of most tick-borne infections is through the tick saliva, additional routes of transmission, shown mostly in animals, include infection by oral uptake of infected ticks, by carnivorism, animal bites and transplacentally. Additionally, artificial infection via blood transfusion is a growing threat in both human and veterinary medicine. Due to the close association between human and animal tick-borne infections, control programs for these diseases require integration of data from veterinary and human reporting systems, surveillance in wildlife and tick populations, and combined teams of experts from several scientific disciplines such as entomology, epidemiology, medicine, public health and veterinary medicine. Copyright © 2014 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Identifying the last supper: utility of the DNA barcode library for bloodmeal identification in ticks.

              T Gariepy, James R Lindsay, N Ogden … (2012)
              Ticks are among the most important vectors of disease in the Northern Hemisphere, and a better understanding of their feeding behaviour and life cycle is critical to the management and control of tick-borne zoonoses. DNA-based tools for the identification of residual bloodmeals in hematophagous arthropods have proven useful in the investigation of patterns of host use in nature. Using a blind test approach, we challenged the utility of the DNA barcode library for the identification of vertebrate bloodmeals in engorged, field-collected Ixodes scapularis. Universal vertebrate primers for the COI barcode region successfully amplified DNA from the host bloodmeal and only rarely amplified tick DNA. Of the 61 field-collected ticks, conclusive genus- and species-level identification was possible for 72% of the specimens. In all but two cases, barcode-based identification of the bloodmeal was consistent with the morphological identification of the vertebrate host the ticks were collected from. Possible explanations for mismatches or ambiguities are presented. This study validates the utility of the DNA barcode library as a valuable and reliable resource for the identification of unknown bloodmeals in arthropod vectors of disease. Future directions aimed at the refinement of these techniques to gain additional information and to improve the amplification success of digested vertebrate DNA in tick bloodmeals are discussed. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
                Abbreviated Title: IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
                Publisher: IOP Publishing
                ISSN (Print): 1757-8981
                ISSN (Electronic): 1757-899X
                Publication date Created: July 01 2019
                Publication date (Print): July 01 2019
                Volume: 571
                Issue: 1
                Page: 012061
                Article
                DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/571/1/012061
                SO-VID: 304334af-8a27-45c7-8b67-9adfb380ae86
                Copyright © © 2019
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                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

                https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining

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