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      Diet and Lifestyle in the First Villages of the Middle Preceramic: Insights from Stable Isotope and Osteological Analyses of Human Remains from Paloma, Chilca I, La Yerba III, and Morro I

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          Abstract

          We present stable isotope and osteological data from human remains at Paloma, Chilca I, La Yerba III, and Morro I that offer new evidence for diet, lifestyle, and habitual mobility in the first villages that proliferated along the arid Pacific coast of South America (ca. 6000 cal BP). The data not only reaffirm the dietary primacy of marine protein for this period but also show evidence at Paloma of direct access interactions between the coast and highlands, as well as habitual mobility in some parts of society. By locating themselves at the confluence of diverse coastal and terrestrial habitats, the inhabitants of these early villages were able to broaden their use of resources through rounds of seasonal mobility, while simultaneously increasing residential sedentism. Yet they paid little substantial health penalty for their settled lifestyles, as reflected in their osteological markers of stature and stress, compared with their agriculturalist successors even up to five millennia later. Contrasting data for the north coast of Chile indicate locally contingent differences. Considering these data in a wider chronological context contributes to understanding how increasing sedentism and population density laid the foundations here for the emergence of Late Preceramic social complexity.

          Abstract

          En el siguiente articulo presentamos datos osteológicos e isótopicos provenientes de restos humanos de los sitios la Paloma, Chilca I, La Yerba III y Morro I. Estas investigaciones ofrecen nueva evidencia sobre la dieta, el estilo de vida y la movilidad habitual entre los primeros pueblos que proliferaron a lo largo de la árida costa del Pacífico de Sudamérica (ca. 6000 cal BP). Los datos reafirman la primacía dietética de proteínas marinas para este período, pero también muestran en la Paloma evidencia de interacciones de acceso directo entre la costa y la sierra, y de movilidad habitual de algunos sectores de la sociedad. Al ubicarse en la confluencia de diversos hábitats costeros y terrestres, los habitantes de estas primeras aldeas pudieron ampliar el uso de los recursos a través de rondas de movilidad estacionales, al mismo tiempo que aumentaron su sedentarismo residencial. Sin embargo, pagaron baja penalización de salud por sus estilos de vida sedentarios, reflejados en sus marcadores osteológicos de estatura y estrés en comparación con la de sus sucesores agrícolas, incluso hasta cinco milenios después. Los datos contrastantes de la costa norte de Chile indican diferencias contingentes a nivel local. Considerando estos datos en un contexto cronológico más amplio este análisis contribuye a comprender cómo el aumento del sedentarismo y la población sentó las bases para el surgimiento de la complejidad social del Precerámico Tardío.

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          Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates

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            Willow Smoke and Dogs' Tails: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation

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              Collagen turnover in the adult femoral mid-shaft: modeled from anthropogenic radiocarbon tracer measurements.

              We have measured the (14)C content of human femoral mid-shaft collagen to determine the dynamics of adult collagen turnover, using the sudden doubling and subsequent slow relaxation of global atmospheric (14)C content due to nuclear bomb testing in the 1960s and 1970s as a tracer. (14)C measurements were made on bone collagen from 67 individuals of both sexes who died in Australia in 1990-1993, spanning a range of ages at death from 40 to 97, and these measurements were compared with values predicted by an age-dependent turnover model. We found that the dataset could constrain models of collagen turnover, with the following outcomes: 1) Collagen turnover rate of females decreases, on average, from 4%/yr to 3%/yr from 20 to 80 years. Male collagen turnover rates average 1.5-3%/yr over the same period. 2) For both sexes the collagen turnover rate during adolescent growth is much higher (5-15%/yr at age 10-15 years), with males having a significantly higher turnover rate than have females, by up to a factor of 2. 3) Much of the variation in residual bomb (14)C in a person's bone can be attributed to individual variation in turnover rate, but of no more than about 30% of the average values for adults. 4) Human femoral bone collagen isotopically reflects an individual's diet over a much longer period of time than 10 years, including a substantial portion of collagen synthesised during adolescence.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Latin American Antiquity
                Latin Am. antiq.
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                1045-6635
                2325-5080
                May 06 2021
                : 1-19
                Article
                10.1017/laq.2021.24
                302757f3-1c9c-4f18-bfae-4f1bfa1a9c9b
                © 2021

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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