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      Palladium Catalysis: Dependence of the Efficiency of C–N Bond Formation on Carboxylate Ligand and Metal Carboxylate or Carboxylic Acid Additive

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      ACS Omega
      American Chemical Society

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          Abstract

          The Pd-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular reactions of nitrogen compounds are often carried out with palladium carboxylates, sometimes in the presence of carboxylic acids or alkali metal carboxylates. This Mini-Review highlights the dependence of the reaction efficiency on the nature of the ligand and the carboxylate additives. The proposed reaction mechanisms are presented with, as far as possible, personal comments.

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          Most cited references48

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          Analysis of the concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism in palladium-catalyzed direct arylation across a broad range of aromatic substrates.

          The concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism predicts relative reactivity and regioselectivity for a diverse set of arenes spanning the entire spectrum of known palladium-catalyzed direct arylation coupling partners. An analysis following an active strain model provides a more complete portrayal of the important arene/catalyst parameters leading to a successful coupling. The breadth of arenes whose reactivity can be predicted by the CMD mechanism indicates that it may be far more widespread than previously imagined.
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            Catalytic intermolecular direct arylation of perfluorobenzenes.

            Penta-, tetra-, tri-, and difluorobenzenes undergo direct arylation with a wide range of arylhalides in high yield. Inverse reactivity is observed compared to the common electrophilic aromatic substitution pathway since electron-deficient, C-H acidic arenes react preferentially. Computational studies indicate that C-H bond cleavage occurs via a concerted carbon-palladium and carbon-hydrogen bond cleaving event involving a carbonate or a bromide ligand. The reactions are rapid, require only a slight excess of the perfluoroarene reagent, and utilize commercially available, air-stable catalyst precursors.
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              Indoles from Simple Anilines and Alkynes: Palladium-Catalyzed CH Activation Using Dioxygen as the Oxidant

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Omega
                ACS Omega
                ao
                acsodf
                ACS Omega
                American Chemical Society
                2470-1343
                08 March 2024
                19 March 2024
                : 9
                : 11
                : 12292-12306
                Affiliations
                [1]Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-4206
                Article
                10.1021/acsomega.4c00468
                10955574
                38524407
                30201693-670d-4814-b841-163b3e299a16
                © 2024 The Author. Published by American Chemical Society

                Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 January 2024
                : 20 February 2024
                : 09 February 2024
                Categories
                Mini-Review
                Custom metadata
                ao4c00468
                ao4c00468

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