PIKfyve accelerates phagosome acidification through activation of TRPML1 while arrests aberrant vacuolation independent of the Ca2+ channel.

Abstract

PIKfyve phosphorylates PtdIns(3)P to PtdIns(3, 5)P2. One of the best characterized effector downstream of PtdIns(3, 5)P2 is a lysosomal Ca2+ channel, TRPML1. Although it has been reported that TRPML1 is involved in phagosome-lysosome fusion, the relevance of the Ca2+ channel in phagosome acidification has been denied. In this article, however, we demonstrated that the phagosome acidification was dependent on TRPML1. Based on the classical idea that Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-fluorescence is highly sensitive to acidic pH, we could estimate the phagosome acidification by time laps imaging. FITC-zymosan fluorescence that was engulfed by macrophages, decreased immediately after the uptake while the extinction of FITC-zymosan fluorescence was delayed in PIKfyve-deficient cells. The acidification arrest was completely rescued in the presence of Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Cells treated with a PIKfyve inhibitor, apilimod, also showed delayed phagosome acidification but were rescued by the overexpression of TRPML1. Additionally, TRPML1 agonist, ML-SA1 was effective to acidify the phagosome in PIKfyve-deficient cells. Another phenotype observed in PIKfyve-deficient cells is vacuole formation. Unexpectedly, enlarged vacuole formation in PIKfyve-deficient cells was not rescued by Ca2+ or over expression of TRPML1. It is likely that the acidification and vacuolation arrest is bifurcating downstream of PIKfyve.