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      ¿Migración en los Andes Sur? evidencia preliminar para una comunidad de la diáspora aguada en el Valle de Calingasta, San Juan, Argentina Translated title: Migration in the southern Andes? Preliminary evidence for an Aguada diaspora community in the Calingasta Valley, San Juan, Argentina

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Este trabajo presenta la hipótesis de que la migración tuvo un rol central en la historia del sitio Cerro Calvario en el valle de Calingasta, San Juan, Argentina. A pesar de su importancia regional, hay poca información publicada sobre este sitio. Según un modelo cronológico bayesiano que cuenta con siete fechados inéditos, se fundó el sitio alrededor de ~720 dC (mediana modelada), mediante un proceso de migración de corta distancia y fusión social. Posteriormente, hay un conjunto de evidencias suficientes para proponer la hipótesis de que llegaron migrantes del noroeste argentino en ~770 dC, antes del abandono del sitio ~960 dC (medianas). La posible existencia de migrantes se apoya en un conjunto de prácticas culturales no presentes antes ni después, por ejemplo, en la arquitectura doméstica rectilínea, fragmentos de cráneo pintados y estatuillas de barro. A ellos se suman cerámica y textiles Aguada, instrumentos líticos específicos del período e indicadores de producción metalúrgica. Esta hipótesis debería ser testeada por estudios futuros con datos bioantropológicos. La evidencia actual sufre de las limitaciones del registro de campo, dado que este trabajo se basa en información generada en excavaciones realizadas hace tres décadas. Aun así, el conjunto de evidencia es suficiente para abrir el debate sobre la migración en las dinámicas regionales del período Aguada.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: This paper hypothesizes that migration played a central role in the history of the Cerro El Calvario site in San Juan, Argentina’s Calingasta Valley. Despite its regional importance, little has been published about the site. According to a Bayesian chronological model, including seven unpublished radiocarbon dates, the site was founded around ~720 AD (median) through short-distance migration and social fusion. Subsequently, there is sufficient evidence to hypothesize that migrants arrived from northwestern Argentina in ~770 AD before site abandonment in ~960 AD (median). The migration hypothesis is supported by a set of cultural practices not present before or after, for example, rectilinear domestic architecture, painted cranial fragments and clay statuettes. Aguada ceramics and textiles, temporally diagnostic stone tools and indicators of metallurgical production are also present. However, future studies should use bio-anthropological data to test the hypothesis further. Current evidence is weakened by the limitations of the field data, based on excavations conducted three decades ago. Even so, the body of evidence is sufficient to open a discussion on migration within the regional dynamics of the Aguada period.

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          Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates

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            SHCal20 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE CALIBRATION, 0–55,000 YEARS CAL BP

            Early researchers of radiocarbon levels in Southern Hemisphere tree rings identified a variable North-South hemispheric offset, necessitating construction of a separate radiocarbon calibration curve for the South. We present here SHCal20, a revised calibration curve from 0–55,000 cal BP, based upon SHCal13 and fortified by the addition of 14 new tree-ring data sets in the 2140–0, 3520–3453, 3608–3590 and 13,140–11,375 cal BP time intervals. We detail the statistical approaches used for curve construction and present recommendations for the use of the Northern Hemisphere curve (IntCal20), the Southern Hemisphere curve (SHCal20) and suggest where application of an equal mixture of the curves might be more appropriate. Using our Bayesian spline with errors-in-variables methodology, and based upon a comparison of Southern Hemisphere tree-ring data compared with contemporaneous Northern Hemisphere data, we estimate the mean Southern Hemisphere offset to be 36 ± 27 14 C yrs older.
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              Methods for Summarizing Radiocarbon Datasets

              Bayesian models have proved very powerful in analyzing large datasets of radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements from specific sites and in regional cultural or political models. These models require the prior for the underlying processes that are being described to be defined, including the distribution of underlying events. Chronological information is also incorporated into Bayesian models used in DNA research, with the use of Skyline plots to show demographic trends. Despite these advances, there remain difficulties in assessing whether data conform to the assumed underlying models, and in dealing with the type of artifacts seen in Sum plots. In addition, existing methods are not applicable for situations where it is not possible to quantify the underlying process, or where sample selection is thought to have filtered the data in a way that masks the original event distribution. In this paper three different approaches are compared: “Sum” distributions, postulated undated events, and kernel density approaches. Their implementation in the OxCal program is described and their suitability for visualizing the results from chronological and geographic analyses considered for cases with and without useful prior information. The conclusion is that kernel density analysis is a powerful method that could be much more widely applied in a wide range of dating applications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eatacam
                Estudios atacameños
                Estud. atacam.
                Universidad Católica del Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige (San Pedro de Atacama, , Chile )
                0718-1043
                2023
                : 69
                : 22
                Affiliations
                [2] Buenos Aires orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas orgdiv1Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas orgdiv2Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana Argentina
                [1] Mendoza Mendoza orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Argentina emarsh@ 123456mendoza-conicet.gob.ar
                Article
                S0718-10432023000100207 S0718-1043(23)06900000207
                10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2023-0022
                2f13e22b-5405-48c5-897f-8950fa91f5f3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 September 2021
                : 16 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 149, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Arqueología

                prácticas domésticas,diáspora,migración,Aguada,Andes,domestic practices,diaspora,migration

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