Surgical management of syringomyelia associated with spinal arachnoid web: strategies and outcomes

Abstract

Spinal arachnoid web (SAW) is a rare disease entity characterized as band-like arachnoid tissue that can cause spinal cord compression and syringomyelia. This study aimed to analyze the surgical management of the spinal arachnoid web in patients with syringomyelia, focusing on surgical strategies and outcomes. A total of 135 patients with syringomyelia underwent surgery at our department between November 2003 and December 2022. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a special syringomyelia protocol (including TrueFISP and CINE), and electrophysiology. Among these patients, we searched for patients with SAW with syringomyelia following careful analysis of neuroradiological data and surgical reports. The criteria for SAW were as follows: displacement of the spinal cord, disturbed but preserved CSF flow, and intraoperative arachnoid web. Patients were evaluated for initial symptoms, surgical strategies, and complications by reviewing surgical reports, patient documents, neuroradiological data, and follow-up data. Of the 135 patients, 3 (2.22%) fulfilled the SAW criteria. The mean patient age was 51.67 ± 8.33 years. Two patients were male, and one was female. The affected levels were T2/3, T6, and T8. Excision of the arachnoid web was performed in all cases. No significant change in intraoperative monitoring was noted. Postoperatively, none of the patients presented new neurological symptoms. The MRI 3 months after surgery revealed that the syringomyelia improved in all cases, and caliber variation of the spinal cord could not be detected anymore. All clinical symptoms improved. In summary, SAW can be safely treated by surgery. Even though syringomyelia usually improves on MRI and symptoms also improve, residual symptoms might be observed. We advocate for clear criteria for the diagnosis of SAW and a standardized diagnostic (MRI including TrueFISP and CINE).