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      Mitral valve annular caseous calcification causing severe mitral valve stenosis and familial multiple lipomatosis: Case report and literature review

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          Abstract

          A 55-year-old male presented with severe mitral valve stenosis that was caused by a rare condition called caseous calcification of mitral valve annulus (CCMA). The condition was provisionally diagnosed by multi-imaging modalities, and the diagnosis was further established by histopathology. The patient required surgical excision of CCMA and mitral valve replacement. In addition, this patient exhibited a classical picture of another rare condition called familial multiple lipomatosis (FML). No such associations have been reported between the two rare conditions of CCMA and FML. Rare pathologies such as CCMA should be considered in the deferential diagnosis of calcified mass involving mitral valve annulus with or without valvular dysfunction.

          الملخص

          تقدم رجل في سن الـ ٥٥ بتضيّق شديد في الصمام التاجي، سببه حالة نادرة تعرف بالتكلس الجبني لحلقة الصمام التاجي. تم تشخيص الحالة مبدئيا باستخدام طرائق تصويرية متعددة، وبعدها تم تأكيد التشخيص بالتشريح النسيجي. احتاج المريض للاستئصال الجراحي للتكلس الجبني لحلقة الصمام التاجي، واستبدال الصمام التاجي. كما أن المريض نفسه أظهر صورة تقليدية لحالة نادرة أخرى، تعرف بتعدد الشحميات العائلي. لم يتم مسبقا تسجيل ارتباط كهذا بين هاتين الحالتين النادرتين. ينبغي أخذ الحالات النادرة مثل التكلس الجبني لحلقة الصمام التاجي في الاعتبار كتشخيص محتمل لأي كتلة متكلسة تشمل حلقة الصمام التاجي٬ سواء شمل ذلك اعتلالا وظيفيا للصمام أو لم يشمل.

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          Most cited references11

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          Cardiac tumours: diagnosis and management.

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            Calcified amorphous tumor of the heart (cardiac CAT).

            Eleven cases of poorly characterized nonneoplastic endocardially based intracavitary cardiac masses have been seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1965 and 1994. They occurred in 7 women and 4 men from age 16 to 75 years (mean, 52 years). The patients presented with a wide variety of symptoms and underlying diseases. The lesions were diagnosed as a primary cardiac neoplasm in 6 of 8 patients having echocardiography. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice in 10 patients; the 11th patient died of noncardiac causes 30 days after the mass was discovered. Grossly, the lesions were firm, yellow-white, and partially calcified, and arose in any of the four chambers. Microscopically, all lesions were characterized by nodular calcium in a background of degenerating blood elements and chronic inflammation. All patients had a benign course relative to their cardiac lesion. Repeat echocardiogram in two patients showed residual calcium in the region of the initial tumor. Although these lesions may represent calcified thrombi, the clinical presentation did not suggest thrombosis as the most likely explanation for their occurrence. Based on the combined clinical presentation and microscopic appearance, the authors propose the descriptive name calcified amorphous tumors (cardiac CAT) to describe this group to nonneoplastic cardiac masses.
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              Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus: a review.

              Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a rare variant of mitral annular calcification (MAC). Since most cardiologists are unfamiliar with CCMA, it is commonly misdiagnosed as an abscess, tumor or infective vegetation on the mitral valve. In most cases, conservative management for this lesion is sufficient. In this review, we will discuss the various aspects of this condition and illustrate the gross and histologic pathology as well as various imaging modalities (Ultrasound, Computed tomography, Cardiac Magnetic resonance) to assess this unusual cardiac mass.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Taibah Univ Med Sci
                J Taibah Univ Med Sci
                Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
                Taibah University
                1658-3612
                15 November 2016
                April 2017
                15 November 2016
                : 12
                : 2
                : 169-173
                Affiliations
                [1]Taibah University, Department of Medicine, Madinah Cardiac Center, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
                Author notes
                []Corresponding address: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, P.O Box 30001, Almadinah Almunawwarah 41477, KSA. fatawi@ 123456taibahu.edu.sa
                Article
                S1658-3612(16)30113-5
                10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.09.006
                6695086
                2eccc7c4-4bf9-43a8-93e0-53b614c2d38c
                © 2016 The Author

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 12 May 2016
                : 22 September 2016
                : 25 September 2016
                Categories
                Case Report

                الصمام التاجي,تكلس جبني حلقي,تعدد الشحميات العائلي,الاعتلال الوظيفي للصمام التاجي,annular caseous calcification,familial multiple lipomatosis,mitral valve,mitral valve dysfunction

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