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      Stroke-induced epilepsia partialis continua Translated title: Epilepsia partialis continua inducida por ictus

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: Focal status epilepticus requires timely diagnosis and treatment. Stroke is a common cause of epileptic seizures, but stroke-induced epilepsia partialis continua (SIEPC) is a rare type of focal status epilepticus with unknown management and prognosis. The aim of the study was to present a single-center case series of patients admitted to a third-level referral hospital diagnosed with SIEPC. Methods: We performed a retrospective review assessing all in-hospital consultations from July 2021 to July 2022 describing patients who presented with a diagnosis of SIEPC during hospital admission. Patients received standard diagnostic approaches (including electroencephalographic assessment) and treatment protocols. We defined EPC as focal, continuously repeated seizures with preserved consciousness lasting at least 1 h, confirmed with electroencephalography. Results: We identified 1054 patients seen by the neurology department as in-patient consultations. We found 268 patients with a diagnosis of stroke or epilepsy and then excluded 265 patients due to an alternate diagnosis. We finally identified three patients with (SIEPC). Conclusions: Although cerebrovascular disorders are a common cause of hospital admission, and SIEPC is rare, this condition is relevant to the practicing clinician. This study draws attention to this distinct clinical entity with variable presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic issues.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: El status epilepticus requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano. El ictus es una causa común de crisis epilépticas, pero la epilepsia partialis continua inducida por ictus es un tipo raro de status epilepticus focal con tratamiento y pronóstico desconocido. Presentar una serie de casos unicentrica de pacientes admitidos a un hospital de referencia de tercer nivel con diagnóstico de epilepsia partialis continua inducida por ictus. Métodos: Realizamos una revision retrospectiva, recopilando todas las interconsultas desde Julio del 2021 hasta Julio del 2022 que describieran pacientes quienes tuvieran un diagnóstico de epilepsia partialis continua inducida por ictus durante el ingreso hospitalario. Los pacientes recibieron abordajes diagnósticos (incluyendo realización de electroencefalograma) y terapéuticos estandar. Definimos epilepsia partialis continua como episodios convulsivos continuos focales con estado de consciencia preservado con duración mayor a una hora, confirmado por electroencefalografía. Resultados: Identificamos 1054 pacientes que fueron vistos por el servicio de neurología como interconsultas hospitalarias. A partir de dichos pacientes, encontramos 268 con diagnóstico de ictus o epilepsia, y excluimos 265 pacientes debido a diagnósticos alternativos. Finalmente, identificamos tres pacientes con epilepsia parcialis continua inducida por ictus. Conclusiones: A pesar de que las enfermedades cerebrovasculares son una causa frecuente de admisión hospitalaria, y la epilepsia parcialis continua inducida por infarto es rara, esta condición es relevante para el médico practicante. Este estudio llama la atención hacia esta distinta entidad clínica con presentación variable, y dificultades en el diagnóstico y tratamiento

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          Most cited references29

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          Epilepsy in adults

          Epilepsy is one of the most common serious brain conditions, affecting over 70 million people worldwide. Its incidence has a bimodal distribution with the highest risk in infants and older age groups. Progress in genomic technology is exposing the complex genetic architecture of the common types of epilepsy, and is driving a paradigm shift. Epilepsy is a symptom complex with multiple risk factors and a strong genetic predisposition rather than a condition with a single expression and cause. These advances have resulted in the new classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies. A detailed clinical history and a reliable eyewitness account of a seizure are the cornerstones of the diagnosis. Ancillary investigations can help to determine cause and prognosis. Advances in brain imaging are helping to identify the structural and functional causes and consequences of the epilepsies. Comorbidities are increasingly recognised as important aetiological and prognostic markers. Antiseizure medication might suppress seizures in up to two-thirds of all individuals but do not alter long-term prognosis. Epilepsy surgery is the most effective way to achieve long-term seizure freedom in selected individuals with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, but it is probably not used enough. With improved understanding of the gradual development of epilepsy, epigenetic determinants, and pharmacogenomics comes the hope for better, disease-modifying, or even curative, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. Other developments are clinical implementation of seizure detection devices and new neuromodulation techniques, including responsive neural stimulation.
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            Seizures and Epilepsy After Stroke: Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Management

            Stroke is the leading cause of seizures and epilepsy in older adults. Patients who have larger and more severe strokes involving the cortex, are younger, and have acute symptomatic seizures and intracerebral haemorrhage are at highest risk of developing post-stroke epilepsy. Prognostic models, including the SeLECT and CAVE scores, help gauge the risk of epileptogenesis. Early electroencephalogram and blood-based biomarkers can provide information additional to the clinical risk factors of post-stroke epilepsy. The management of acute versus remote symptomatic seizures after stroke is markedly different. The choice of an ideal antiseizure medication should not only rely on efficacy but also consider adverse effects, altered pharmacodynamics in older adults, and the influence on the underlying vascular co-morbidity. Drug–drug interactions, particularly those between antiseizure medications and anticoagulants or antiplatelets, also influence treatment decisions. In this review, we describe the epidemiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and management of seizures after an ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke. We discuss the special considerations required for the treatment of post-stroke epilepsy due to the age, co-morbidities, co-medication, and vulnerability of stroke survivors.
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              Epidemiology and Outcomes of Status Epilepticus

              Abstract Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological and medical emergency, defined as a condition resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible of seizure self-limitation or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to atypically prolonged seizures. Further than death, SE can have long-term consequences, including neuronal injury, depending on the type, cause and duration of seizures with severe associated disabilities. In Europe, SE shows an incidence rate ranging about 9 to 40/100,000/y. In adults, mortality of patients with SE is ~30%, and even higher (up to 40%) in refractory status epilepticus. To date, etiology, duration, presence of comorbidity, level of consciousness, semiology and age are the main clinical predictors of SE outcome.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmn
                Revista mexicana de neurociencia
                Rev. mex. neurocienc.
                Academia Mexicana de Neurología A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                1665-5044
                2604-6180
                February 2024
                : 25
                : 1
                : 3-9
                Affiliations
                [3] Puebla orgnameBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine Mexico
                [1] Guadalajara orgnameHospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" orgdiv1Department of Neurology orgdiv2Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease Clinic Mexico
                [2] Guadalajara orgnameHospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" orgdiv1Department of Neurology Mexico
                Article
                S1665-50442024000100003 S1665-5044(24)02500100003
                10.24875/rmn.23000057
                2ec219fe-c19f-4d7d-9b33-a3608e0b30f6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 September 2023
                : 14 December 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Original articles

                Stroke-induced epilepsia partialis continua,Epilepsia partialis continua inducida por ictus,Epilepsia partialis continua,Status epilepticus focal,Ictus,Focal status epilepticus,Stroke

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